Problem gambling Essay Example for Free

Problem gambling Essay Did you know that 40% of all problem gamblers started gambling before they were seventeen? Or that problem gambling causes the most suicides out of all the recognized addictions? Even with these facts, the most startling truth is that not one federal dollar, out of the billions collected in gambling taxes, has been spent to treat or help problem gamblers. Gambling is the activity or practice of playing at a game of chance for money or other stakes. Activities that are considered gambling are sports and race bets, lotteries, games like blackjack and poker, and casino games like slots and roulette. Bingo and raffles are technically gambling, but there are no major concerns about them, so they are not included here. Gambling has been legalized by many states, but just because it is does not make it right. Even though gambling is legal, it should not be because of its harmful economic, governmental, and social effects. There are many detrimental economic effects of gambling, but there are two major ones: it siphons money from other industries, and states attempt to use lotteries to boost income. Gambling takes money from consumers that would otherwise be spent in an important industry or charity. Instead, it is essentially thrown away in hopes of getting rich quick. The removal of money from other industries often causes businesses to go bankrupt, therefore creating more unemployed people. You could argue that casinos create jobs, but those jobs do not make enough money to really support a family. The other economic problem that gambling creates is the use of lotteries. States typically use lotteries to make more money, but it is nowhere near as effective as other methods that are in use. The state makes 40% of the money that is put into lotteries, while they make 99% of the money that goes into taxes. Also, sources say that since the poor buy so many more lottery tickets than everyone else, the lotteries have become a tax on the poor and economically disadvantaged. The economic effects may be bad, but the governmental and social effects are far more hurtful. There are a few different damaging effects that gambling has on the government, but they fall into two categories: the government’s role and illegal activity. The government’s role in gambling is not what it should be. Drugs and gambling are both known to be self-destructive, yet drugs are banned and gambling is legalized? To the people that are compulsive gamblers, gambling is a drug to them, so it should be illegal like all other drugs. The other poor role the government has in gambling is that the government gets a cut of the profits from it in the form of taxes. As it was mentioned earlier, the poor and lower-middle class gamble more, so it is essentially a tax on the poor. Illegal activity is another damaging governmental effect of gambling. Since betting on sports and races are legal, it has become far easier for organized crime to make money off of fixed sporting events and racing. From a sports standpoint, it makes â€Å"point-shaving† scandals a potentially larger issue, and can take away from the integrity of the game. Additionally, in areas where gambling is legalized, illegal gambling increases. Since people think it is okay to gamble, they now go to an illegal gambling location so that their winnings, if any, are not taxed by the government. The destructive governmental and economical effects of gambling are horrible, but the social effects are the worst of all. The harmful social effects of gambling are it forces the poor to stay poor, compulsive gamblers bring massive problems, and gambling can ruin lives and families. Gambling at casinos and in lotteries have terrible odds of winning, but the poor, who desperately need the money, try time and time again in hopes of getting lucky to pull out of their economic problems. However, they rarely win, and the amount of money that they pour in forces them stay poor. Even if you are not poor and you start to gamble constantly, you will become poor very quickly. Another harmful social effect of gambling is the presence of compulsive gamblers. Compulsive, or problem, gamblers are people who are addicted to gambling. Gambling is a drug to them, and they cannot stop gambling, no matter the consequences. A study showed that most compulsive gamblers started during their teen years, and that they are in close to $80,000 in debt. Because of the staggering amount of debt they are in, they are a huge burden to their families. The last harmful social effect of gambling is it destroys families. The amount of debt that a compulsive gambler gets into puts way too much strain on the rest of the family to help him or her out of debt. If you are married to a compulsive gambler, it is like being married to a hard-core drug addict, they are forced to throw away money to satisfy their addiction. Unfortunately, sometimes the debt is too much, and the spouse will divorce, shattering the family. The social effects of gambling are the worst, but all the effects of gambling are awful. Unfortunately for us, gambling is legal in almost every state, allowing these hurtful effects to exist. Even though gambling is legal, it should not be because of its harmful economic, governmental, and social effects. If you are considering gambling sometime, think about what you are supporting, and how it could ruin your life.

Schizophrenia Essay -- Schizophrenia Essays

Schizophrenia is a serious, chronic mental disorder characterized by loss of contact with reality and disturbances of thought, mood, and perception. Schizophrenia is the most common and the most potentially sever and disabling of the psychosis, a term encompassing several severe mental disorders that result in the loss of contact with reality along with major personality derangements. Schizophrenia patients experience delusions, hallucinations and often lose thought process. Schizophrenia affects an estimated one percent of the population in every country of the world. Victims share a range of symptoms that can be devastating to themselves as well as to families and friends. They may have trouble dealing with the most minor everyday stresses and insignificant changes in their surroundings. They may avoid social contact, ignore personal hygiene and behave oddly (Kass, 194). Many people outside the mental health profession believe that schizophrenia refers to a â€Å"split personalit y†. The word â€Å"schizophrenia† comes from the Greek schizo, meaning split and phrenia refers to the diaphragm once thought to be the location of a person’s mind and soul. When the word â€Å"schizophrenia† was established by European psychiatrists, they meant to describe a shattering, or breakdown, of basic psychological functions. Eugene Bleuler is one of the most influential psychiatrists of his time. He is best known today for his introduction of the term â€Å"schizophrenia† to describe the disorder previously known as dementia praecox and for his studies of schizophrenics. The illness can best be described as a collection of particular symptoms that usually fall into four basic categories: formal thought disorder, perception disorder, feeling/emotional disturbance, and behavior disorders (Young, 23). People with schizophrenia describe strange of unrealistic thoughts. Their speech is sometimes hard to follow because of disordered thinking. Ph rases seem disconnected, and ideas move from topic to topic with no logical pattern in what is being said. In some cases, individuals with schizophrenia say that they have no idea at all or that their heads seem â€Å"empty†. Many schizophrenic patients think they possess extraordinary powers such as x-ray vision or super strength. They may believe that their thoughts are being controlled by others or that everyone knows what they are thinking. These beliefs ar... ...ected over another because it has less chance of damaging a diseased liver, worsening a heart condition, or affecting a patient’s high blood pressure. For all the benefits that anti-psychotic drugs provide, clearly they are far from ideal. Some patients will show marked improvement with drugs, while others might be helped only a little, if at all. Ideally, drugs soon will be developed to treat successfully the whole range os schizophrenia symptoms. Roughly one third of schizophrenic patients make a complete recovery and have no further recurrence, one third have recurrent episodes of the illness, and one third deteriorate into chronic schizophrenia with severe disability (Kass, 206). Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY Arasse, Daniel. Complete Guide to Mental Health. Allen Lane Press,New York, 1989. Gingerich, Susan. Coping With Schizophrenia. New Harbinger Publications, Inc. Oakland, 1994. Kass, Stephen. Schizophrenia: The Facts. Oxford University Press. New York, 1997. Muesen, Kim. â€Å"Schizophrenia†. Microsoft Encarta Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corporation, 1998. Young, Patrick. The Encyclopedia od Health, Psychological Disorders and Their Treatment. Herrington Publications. New York, 1991.

Human Nature in the Destructors Essay

Graham Greene had summarized the conflicts in a society through a representation of teenage children during the post-war era, in his famous short story, â€Å"The Destructors†. The setting of the story happened in blitzkrieg London after World War II ended. The characters are mainly teenage boys who had established a gang known as Wormsley Common gang. Their group religiously meets everyday beside the house of Mr. Thomas or Old Misery. The decision of the gang was made through voting. T or Trevor, the main character in the story, suggested that the gang should demolish Mr. Thomas’ house on the upcoming holiday. Mr. Thomas was an old man, who lived in a house that solely stand on an area that was bombed during the war. The group agreed and commenced their plan under the leadership of T. the story ended with the destruction of the house. The story reflects action and adventure, since the gang would do things that can be considered as daring, especially for their age. The story also has a mix of suspense, especially on the last part wherein Mr. Thomas had gone back home earlier than expected. Nevertheless, the short story is not merely a fiction made to entertain its readers rather, it reflects the factual realities observable during the period it pertains such as delinquency, war and human nature. This essay would analyze the story in connection to the delinquency and war which reveals human nature. Human nature would be discussed as something that is subjective and relative to the perspective and position of the individual in the society where he belongs. The story revolves around the actions of the Wormsley Common gang. As mentioned above, the group was predominantly young teenage boys. Every day they will engage themselves with folly, childish acts. As children going through the transition to adulthood, they are trying to find their own identity through joining groups. They express their authority or control over their decision through delinquent acts; such as sneaking free bus rides. One of the things that separate man from the rest of the living organisms in the planet was his capacity to control things. It is a part of being a human to seek dominance. The several instances of delinquency in the short story prove this point. The most prominent was the destruction of Mr. Thomas’ house. However, if all humans would try to dominate each other, chaos would result. Therefore laws are created in societies that seek to control human actions. In the story, Mike –the most childish character, was usually noisy or has a childlike attitude of opening his mouth when he heard something interesting or unbelievable. This behavior was controlled in the gang through the unwritten rule that a frog would be put down inside the mouth of noisy or open-mouthed members. The story also shows that humans have the capacity to choose or decide. Blackie could leave the group but he did not. He can express his disagreement but he chose to remain silent. Humans are naturally born with the ability to weigh circumstances with respect to situations. Man can choose whether to be good or evil. Most of Greene’s writings reflect the good and the evil side of man. The ethical weight of the action depends on the perspective used to judge the action. Breaking into someone else’s house is impolite and evil as rendered by the society, or at least by the society of London. However, in the perspective of the group, it is an expression of pride, dignity and courage. Mr. Thomas served as the representation of the adults during the period; he does not care what the children would do as long as their actions would not bother him. When he gave the boys some chocolates, the gang discussed and argued about why Mr. Thomas would give them something. The gang decided that it was a bribe. Mr. Thomas had accommodated T when he visited him. He even let him tour the house and explained the things he can’t understand. Nonetheless, it was T who had suggested the plan to destroy the house. Mr. Thomas had trusted T, at the end T locked him up. This illustrates the younger generation’s distrust to the adults. Why? Because it was the adults’ decisions, neglect and actions that led to their destitution. When they took everything away from Mr. Thomas, they left him as vulnerable and helpless as a child. They gave him some foods and a blanket to keep him comfortable as he waited for someone to open the door. When the door finally opened, he was amazed to find that the house he cherished was now only a pile of bricks and rubbles. The concepts of delinquency and war revealed that human nature is also subjective to individuals and relative to societies. As illustrated above, humans tend to judge an action from their own perspective. The living conditions and previous events shaped these perspectives. The distant atmosphere that surrounds T was caused by the events that led to their poverty. The childish acts of Mike were due to his young age. The just attitude displayed by Blackie when he opposed taking away things from Mr. Thomas’ house reflects that he was against theft. The humans’ ability to reason gave him the ability to judge. The fact that Blackie stole or got the hacksaw without permission showed a changed in perspective regarding right and wrong. The things that the society or the organization accepts were the right things while those that the society blames were wrong. Human nature was normally branded as either good or bad, depending on the human actions which were either right or wrong. Human nature, as can be reflected on the story was neither good nor evil. Someone perceived as evil by one person might be considered as good by another. People can be persuaded that humans are naturally good. If the society was not perverted, humans would not result to perverted actions. Humans can also be seen as naturally evil and the existence of laws can be justified as a means to prevent them from explicitly doing evil and promote harmony and security in the society. Like every human being, the characters in the story longs for a recognition. Humans would naturally form groups to be able to defend themselves and justify their actions through rules and laws. The gang would decide according to votes which gave everyone a chance to express himself. The conclusion of the votes determines the gang’s action. Whether it was mischief or simply a childish act, if the majority of gang agreed that it should be done, then it would be done. Everyone would do their best to achieve the set-goal. The story also highlights the fact that it is a human nature not to try the things that pains causes pain. For example, Mr. Thomas went home earlier than expected because of his rheumatism. Likewise, when Summers (one of the gang members) complained that they already done â€Å"enough†, T told him that he should not complain because he along with the others had voted in favor of the plan. It was natural for humans to do things that they like and stop doings things that they hate. Humans would naturally move away from something painful or uncomfortable while humans would naturally move towards the things that give them fun and comfort. The sense of belongingness and the various activities that the members of the gang experienced whenever they do an offending act reflect their adherence to the things that do not cause them pain. Humans would logically want the things that please or made them comfortable. Each member of the gang needs one another to get a sense of belongingness and create an identity. When Blackie asked T whether he hated Mr. Thomas, he perceived that T’s actions and decisions were out of personal interest. Mr. Thomas gave them chocolate to get rid of it. The driver looked help Mr. Thomas out of curiosity. Mike went to the house instead of the church, not simply to help but to be accepted and regarded as important. Blackie did not leave the gang because he wanted to take part on its success and glory. Common to all humans was their capacity to decide, contemplate and judge depending on their personal interest. Humans see things depending on how they perceived them. Every individual portrayed in the story would act according to their selfish interest. Humans were judge according to convention and thus, they act with respect to those conventions. The destruction of the house represents the power to destroy. Since the beginning of time, humans aspire for power and authority. Both of these gave humans the capacity to control things with respect to how he wanted things to be. The idea of destroying the house made T a leader. The actual destruction confirmed his authority. On the other hand, the destruction of the house undermines the power of Mr. Thomas. The greater society also works the same way. It was a power struggle to stay on the top. The destructors were the winners while the destructed was the loser. Good and evil depends on the position and situation of the person in between this spectrum. Good makes the person happy while evil gives him pain. Good benefits while evil takes away or weaken a person.

The Importance Of Play And Its Effect On Cognition,...

Assessment of Play Jimmy Kue Northeastern State University Abstract This paper explores the importance of play and its effect on cognition, linguistics, and pragmatics in infants and toddlers and how play can affect their social competence as preschoolers. Assessment of Play In a third world country, some Hmong parents’ believe in the teaching for survival needs are important and necessary in order to survive. Chores were evenly distributed throughout the family who were capable to contribute to everyday labor. However, young children who cannot contribute were allowed to play with other kids in the village. Some of the popular play activities were hide and seek, a jump rope made out of rubber bands, and wooden tops (Cha, Mai, Carmen, 2004). Meanwhile in a developed country, children were also playing hide and seek, jumping ropes, and spinning tops as well. According to O’ Grady and Dusing (2014), â€Å"Play is defined as a pleasurable, active, self-motivated developmental phenomenon by which infants and young children learn about the world through interactions with objects and people† (page number) It should be noted that when I used the term play, the child is the center focus of a play activity in a natural setting. In this paper, I will discuss the importance of play relative to language in these domains: cognition, linguistics, pragmatics, and social competency. Cognition Cognition is the basis for language. It is important to develop early cognition in infants.Show MoreRelatedFactors that Promote Rapid Language Learning in Children?1406 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Chomsky (1972), language acquisition is one of the exclusive characteristics of human beings and is known as the jewel in the crown of cognition (Pinker, 1994). 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Consequently, in the world’sRead MoreSociocultural Theory And Second Language Learning1856 Words   |  8 Pagesits central constructs, particularly Semiotic Mediation and The Zone of Proximal Development and gives examples of related research studies that have been framed in these concepts. 1.SEMIOTIC MEDIATION Before introducing the Vygotsky’s theory of linguistic mediation [built on the definition of language as a mean of mediation] and Whorf ‘s theory of mediation [built on the definition of the language as a shaper of ideas], it is important to briefly explain the concept of semiosis. With the processRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Communication On The Areas Of Social Cognition3727 Words   |  15 Pagesliterature on developmental milestones of social communication in children from birth to age four. Social communication consists of social interaction, social cognition, pragmatics, and expressive and receptive language processing. 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We then derive empirically testable predictions concerning how these different types of visual figures may influence such consumer responses as elaboration and belief change. The article concludes with a discussion of the importance of marrying textual analysis, as found in literary, semiotic and rhetorical disciplines, with the experimental methodology characteristic of social and cognitive psychology. Key Words advertising figurative speech image metaphor picture rh etoricRead MoreA Capacity Theory of Comprehension: Individual Differences in Working Memory17146 Words   |  69 Pagesamong syntactic and pragmatic information, so that their syntactic processes are not informationally encapsulated. Another aspect is syntactic ambiguity: The larger capacity of some individuals permits them to maintain multiple interpretations. The theory is instantiated as a production system model in which the amount of activation available to the model affects how it adapts to the transient computational and storage demands that occur in comprehension. Working memory plays a central role in allRead MoreMidterm Study Guide5701 Words   |  23 Pages of language include phonology, semantics, prosody, grammar (which includes morphology and syntax), pragmatics, and metalinguistics. Define these terms. Sample question The system of sounds of a language, e.g., how basic sound units are put together to form words, is known as: a. phonology b. semantics c. inflection d. pragmatics e. deep structure C. Overview of What is Known About Language Development in Each ofRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pagesorder to avoid a direct connotations with topics that are embarrassing, frightening or uncomfortable: God, the devil, sex, death, money, war, crime or religion. These topics seem to be cross cultural. A linguistic consequence of cultural taboos is the creation of euphemisms. The euphemism as a linguistic phenomenon shows no signs of disappearing. In present-day English euphemisms are mostly based on some social and ethical standard of behavior, on the desire not to hurt people‘s feelings (lodger-Read MoreDevelopmental Psychology14082 Words   |  57 Pagesexperience that encourage them to reflect on their own thinking. As a result, they gain dramatically in reasoning and problem solving. At the same time Vygotsky argues that dialogues with more expert members of society also lead to continuous changes in cognition that vary from culture to culture. Information processing theorists again believe that development is a smooth continuous process and that children gradually improve in perception, attention, memory and problem solving skills. Processes studied

Tyfhbgyf - 1977 Words

The short story The short story -- Alice Munro an exception, (perhaps) -- is an illustration of one facet of human nature. Often a character undergoes some event and experiences something which offers him change. This is why its said that short stories usually say something, often a narrow or small something, but sometimes delivered with such precision that the effect is exquisite, even a life-moment for the reader, something akin to a religious experience or seeing a never-to-be-repeated scene in nature. For a minute, let me remind you that, for me, the perfect short story is written with a poets feel for language, with a poets precision, and that the shape and sounds and rhythms of the words are more commonly part of the works†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€š · Develop a resolution: How does the main character come to terms - or not - with his or her problem? Source: Lessons that Change Writer, Nancie Atwell, 2002 Short Story Terminology Atmosphere - the general mood, feeling or spirit of a story. Characterization - the way that the author creates characters. Protagonist - the main character that is faced with a problem. Antagonist - the person, place, idea or physical force against the protagonist. Climax - the point of the highest dramatic intensity; the turning point. External conflict - happens outside the character. Internal conflict - happens inside the character Foreshadowing - clues of hints which prepare the reader for Future action or events. Irony - contrast or contradiction of what is expected and what Results. Verbal irony - occurs when a character or narrator says one thing But means the opposite. Dramatic irony - occurs when the reader knows more than the Character. Situational irony - occurs when the contrast between what Appears to be and what actually exists. Plot - action of the story. Chronological - places events in order of time from first to last. Flashback - looks back at events that have already occurred. Point of View - the angle from which the author tells the story. First Person Narrative - the narrator uses â€Å"I† and participates in The action. Third Person Narrative - the narrator uses â€Å"he† and â€Å"she† and is an

Therapy For Diabetes Conclusion Or Illusion Essay

GLP-1-GASTRIN AGONIST BASED THERAPY FOR DIABETES: CONCLUSION OR ILLUSION? Keywords: diabetes mellitus, dual agonist, gastrin, GLP-1, glucose tolerance Abbreviations: ÃŽ ²-cell, pancreatic beta-cell; DDP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, gluacgon-like-peptide-1; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; PPAR-ÃŽ ³, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-ÃŽ ³ TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Revised Commentary 2 1.1 Main Findings 2 1.2 A Repeat of History 4 References 6 2. Feedback Received from Peers 7 2.1 First feedback form 7 2.2 Second feedback form 8 3. Response to Feedback 10 Characterised by impaired ÃŽ ²-cell and insulin function, diabetes mellitus is undoubtedly becoming a hallmark point of interest in science and pharmacology. Indeed, a wide array of antihyperglycaemic agents have been successfully developed and used for the treatment of diabetes including Type 1, Type 2, and gestational varieties. However, many of these drugs have traditionally been targeted at single molecular targets and have unknown effects on the direct turnover of ÃŽ ²-cells (Finan et al., 2015). GLP-1 agonists are one new class of drugs used to treat Type 2 diabetes and target the incretin hormone group to increase their levels in the body, thereby stimulating insulin release. GLP-1 agonists have been shown to display additional positive effects on gastric emptying and satiety following meals. Fosgerau et al., (2013) used GLP-1 agonists in conjunctionShow MoreRelatedEssay Media Madness1389 Words   |  6 Pagessocial and occupational functioning prior to the diagnosis of the i llness typically have a better prognosis than those who have a history of tense and reclusive behavior. Treatment involves a collaborative effort that includes, family therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, social skills training, as well as pharmacological interventions (Varcarolis 271-294). The Bad Schizophrenia is often times confused with dissociative identity disorder (split personality), although there are many manifestationsRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism And Child Abuse2202 Words   |  9 Pagesways of numbing his pain through alcohol. However, to what extent did this man loose the true sight that his problem was not the molestation as a child, but his own personal needs, as an alcoholic became the real issue at hand? Never did he seek out therapy to sober up, which in return affected his family. â€Å"A couple of months after Dad lost his job, he came home with a bag of groceries† (pg. 68), through his alcoholism, he was unable to sustain a stable job which impacted his family’s life, because theyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAssessment surveys in each chapter. These diagnostic tools are designed to help you identify which specific aspects of each skill topic most warrant your personal attention. †¢ Carefully study the Behavioral Guidelines and the summary model at the conclusion of the Skill Learning section of each chapter before reading that section. These written and graphical summaries are designed to bridge the research-informed description of each topic with the skill development activities that follow. To help youRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesgenerally predictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making reasonably accurate predictions. When we use the term systematic study, we mean looking at relationships, attempting to attribute causes and effects, and basing our conclusions on scientific evidence—that is, on data gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner. (See Appendix A for a basic review of research methods used in studies of organizational behavior.) Evidence-basedRead MoreFund amentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pagesin such a way that you can understand it, it keeps your attention, and it provides you an opportunity for feedback. We think we’ve met each of these goals. Of course, only you can be the judge of our claim. But let’s look at how we arrived at our conclusion. To be understandable and lively means that we need to communicate with you. We make every attempt in this text to have it sound as if we were in front of your class speaking with you. Writing style is important to us. We use examples whenever possible—

Economics performance of Australia

Question : Discuss about the Economics Performance of India ? Answer : Introduction This study has highlighted the overall economic performance of Australia. In this purpose, this study has provided the overall production output performance of the country. Therefore, it is helpful to understand the growth rate of the country. In addition, it can be mentioned that the purchasing power parity of Australia can be identified. This would reflect the standard of living of the country. Moreover, this study is helpful to identify the financial performance and the economic position of the country. The role of the Australian government has also described in this study, which is important to understand how the federal government of the country controlled the economy of the country. On the other hand, the labour market of Australia has described in this study. In this connection, the trend of unemployment rate of the country would be understood. Furthermore, it can be mentioned that the trend of the price level of Australia would be mentioned in this study. This would be benefi tted to identify the rate of inflation of Australia. Production output performance analysis According to Mankiw (2014), it can be stated that the gross domestic product is a macroeconomic tool, which can measure the overall output of an economy with the change in the price level. Gross domestic product of the country would reflect the rate of inflation or the rate of deflation of that economy. In this respect, it can be mentioned that the rate of gross domestic product of an economy would be raised by the reflection of rate of inflation. Nevertheless, it can be argued that the real growth of an economy could not be controlled by the rate of inflation of a country. In this reason, it can be mentioned that in order to get the real growth rate percentage of an economy, the inflation rate is required to subtract from the gross domestic product of the country. Evans Honkapohja (2012) opined that this is the real gross domestic product of the country. It can be mentioned that the economy of Australia is known as the largest mixed economy. In the year of 2012, Australia was at 12 th position in terms of nominal GDP rate and was at 17th position in terms of purchasing power parity. On the other hand, Burda Wyplosz (2012) added that Australia is the 19th largest importer as well as 19th largest exporter. Figure 1: GDP growth rate of Australia (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016) As per the statement of Gandolfo (2013), the service sector of Australia dominates the economy of the country and includes approximately 68% of GDP. Therefore, the greater earning of the country can be achieved from the service sector of Australia. From the above figure, it can be noticed that the growth rate of Australia has unexpectedly decreased by 0.5 percent in the third quarter of the year of 2016. On the other hand, it can be stated that the GDP growth rate was 0.6 percent in the June quarter. In addition, it can be observed that the first contraction of Australia was experienced from March, 2011 and it was started from December, 2008. In the words of Brunnermeier, Eisenbach Sannikov (2012), the economy was experiencing 1.8 percent growth rate through the year. The growth was weakest from the year of 2009. Moreover, the gross capital formation was also decreased by 2.7 percent and the private investment was also decreased by 0.8 percent. Gross per capita rate of Australia: Figure 2: Australia GDP per capita (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016) The above figure depicted that the GDP per capita of Australia has been increasing with the rise in time. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the standard of living of the country has been increasing. In the point of Wray (2015), it can be stated that in the year of 2015, the gross domestic product per capita was 54717.71 US dollars. In this connection, it can be mentioned that the gross domestic product per capita in Australia is approximately 433 percent in average. Moreover, GDP per capita of Australia is 35504.35 USD from the year of 1960 to 2015 and this rate was highest in 2015. The rate was 54717.71 USD. On the other hand, Coeurdacier Rey (2013) opined that the Australian government stimulus package can effectively prevent the situation like recession by implementing stimulus package. The world bank of the country has predicted that the GDP growth rate of Australia would be 3.2% in 2011 and 3.8% in 2012. The growth rate of Australia was reported by approximately 4.3%. Moreover, it can be mentioned that the international monetary fund of Australia has forecasted that this country would be the best performer economy within the world in the coming two years. In this connection, Goodwin et al. (2013) opined that the Australian government has predicted that the forecasted growth rate of the economy was 3.0% in 2012 whereas the growth rate in 2013 was 3.5%. On the contrary, Gurkaynak Wright (2012) argued that although the national economy of Australia has been growing, some of the non mining states of the country have experienced recession. Governmental measurements of Australia: According to Hein (2012), in order to measure the economic performance of a country, the government of the economy has performed an important role. Taxation of Australia is controlled by the federal government level. The federal government increases the revenue through the business taxes and also from the personal income taxes. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that the federal government of Australia is the major income source of the Australian state government. Therefore, Argy (2013) mentioned that the state government of Australia is depending upon the federal taxation revenue in order to achieve the decentralised expenditure responsibilities. This situation can be discussed as the vertical fiscal imbalance. As a result, it can be mentioned that the centralisation of revenue collection is important to force the state policies and regulations in order to enhance the scope of the constitutional powers. Balance of trade of Australia: Figure 3: Australian balance of trade (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016) From the above figure it can be observed that Australias trade deficit has increased by 21% to 1.54 billion in 2016. Moreover, the above figure depicted that the market expectation was suffering from 0.80 billion gap with the rise of export from 1.0 percent to 27.63 billion. In addition, the import also went up at a faster rate from 2.0 percent to 29.17 AUD billion. Labour market analysis As per the statement of Mankiw (2014), it can be stated that in order to understand the Australian labour market analysis, it is necessary to first identify the rate of unemployment of the nation. Figure 4: Unemployment rate of Australia (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016) From the above figure it can be observed that the rate of unemployment has increased with the rise in time. In this connection, it can be mentioned that rise in the unemployment rate is adversely related with the GDP growth of the country. This relationship can be described with the help of Okuns Law. As per the Okuns Law, it can be stated that one percent rise in the unemployment rate is related with the two percent decrease in the real GDP. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that wage rate per employees has decreased. This also prevents the countrys progress. The overall national income of Australia has also declined. Moreover, the employment rate of Australia has decreased. As opined by Coeurdacier Rey (2013), it can be mentioned that Australias seasonal adjusted unemployment rate rise to the 5.7 percent in 2016 from 5.6 percent to the previous year. As per the Australian report regarding the unemployment rate, it can be inferred that the rate of unemployment was highest in 2 016. It can be mentioned that Australia has been suffering from several types of unemployment within the organisation: In the words of Gurkaynak Wright (2012), based on the economic structure of Australia, the country has been suffering from the unemployment rate. The reason can be described as due to the changing of the economic forces supply and the demand, Australia has been suffering from the structural employment. This distinction between the skills and the knowledge of the employees has reflected the structural unemployment. In Australia, Australias economic performance is based upon the external demand of growth. As a result, it can be concluded that the unemployment rate of Australia is cyclical in nature. In this point, it can be mentioned that with the decrease in the export, the aggregate demand of the country would be declined. Hence, the countrys outcome and the national income of Australia would be decreased. This scenario would be described in terms of the following figure: Figure 5: cyclical unemployment rate of Australia (Source: Hein, 2012) Cyclical unemployment: As per the opinion of Argy (2013), the cyclical unemployment of Australia is reflected due to the fluctuation of business. During the situation of economic boom, it can be mentioned that the unemployment rate of Australia has declined. Moreover, in the situation like countrys recession, the rate of unemployment of an economy would be increased. Wray (2015) added that in case of short term unemployment, the economic fluctuation of a country would be diminished . Figure 6: Cyclical unemployment (Source: Gandolfo, 2013) In the point of Burda Wyplosz (2012), the situation of the cyclical unemployment will differ due to the changing of the technology from the labour to the capital intensive country. Government estimation to maintain full employment: It can be stated that there are two approaches, these two methods can reduce the unemployment rate of a country and can also enhance the employment rate of Australia. The strategies can be described as the following manner: The Australian government requires to focus to the countrys demand side policies. This would be capable to decrease the Australias cyclical unemployment by considering the business cycle fluctuation. Next, the Australian government needs to focus to the supply side policies of the economy. This can decrease the countrys existing structural unemployment. Therefore, it can b inferred that with the rise in time, the structural unemployment of the country would be decreased and the rate of employment would be increased. Price level analysis In the point of Gandolfo (2013), it can be mentioned that with the rise in the price level of an economy, then it can be mentioned that the inflation rate of Australia will be improved. As a result, this will increase the supply of money of Australia. Inflation rate of Australia: Figure 7: Inflation rate of Australia (Source: Data.worldbank.org. 2016) The above figure depicted that the rate of inflation of Australia has been decreasing with the rise in time. As opined by Coeurdacier Rey (2013), it can be mentioned that consumer price index is an important tool, which can estimate the inflation rate of an economy. In addition, it can be inferred that with the decrease in the price level, the inflation rate will be decreased and the rate of unemployment will be increased. This inverse relationship between the unemployment rate and the inflation rate can be described with the help of the Phillips curve. On the contrary, Hein (2012) argued that if the price level and the supply of money of a country is increasing rapidly, then the economy will experience the situation like hyperinflation. On the other hand, when the unemployment rate of a country has increased massively, then there will arise the situation like stagflation. Conclusion This study is important to identify the overall economic performance of Australia. In this purpose, this study has highlighted the GDP growth rate and the GDP growth per capita of Australia. After the analysis, it can be observed that the GDP growth per capital has been increasing within the country. Therefore, it can be inferred that the standard of living of the country has also increased. On the other hand, in this study the unemployment rate and the rate of inflation of the country have discussed. 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