Research paper Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Research - Term Paper Example Stephen Crane’s â€Å"Open Boat† inspires me in such a way that it reflects my idea of fate and the indifference of God. The story has four men stranded in the middle of the ocean in a small boat. They all have remained hopeful despite the adversities they have encountered only to realize in the middle of the story that neither God nor nature ever cared for them. These men catch sight of a shore some 20 miles away from where they are as there was a lighthouse from a visible distance. However, they realize that the people in those places do not even see them. They have traveled so far and worked so hard to survive only to realize that their chances of drowning are now greater and worse. Then, with rage, they then turn against fate. This is reflected when one says, â€Å"If I am going to be drowned, then why not before I had even savored life like this? Fate is therefore unfair and preposterous!† (Crane, â€Å"Open Boat† 1994). They say this because these me n have worked so hard to almost the point of exhaustion just to be able to see a shore where nobody seems to see them and whose distance they seem unable to reach. They feel so cheated for they believe that after long hours of trying to survive, they deserve their reward of being rescued. Surely, if there were just an order in the universe, then they would be rewarded for all their efforts. They are all therefore made to believe that whoever struggles and makes an effort would sooner or later be rewarded. However, life is unfair, as I have always believed it. The four men’s unmet expectations make them hate fate because they realize that nature is indifferent to them. Nature is somehow giving them a message that the sun will keep on rising and setting even if they have to die. These men want some sympathy from nature for they believe they deserve it at that point in their lives, but they finally realize that

To Investigate the Branding Importance in Food and Beverage Industry Essay Example for Free

To Investigate the Branding Importance in Food and Beverage Industry Essay For that different existing companies develop branding strategy and introduce their new products using a well established brand name as leverage. To capture the market share of new segment, and get benefits of goodwill associated with their existing brands. For example – McDonald, pizza hut come in market with new meals with a specific name and it all offer accept by the customers as it have leverage of a strong brand name like pizza hut , McDonald etc. In beverage industry, also have different product with brands like fanta, Miranda, coke diet with its parent coke brand in compare to other beverage parent brand like PepsiCo with mountain dew, mist natural, Tropicana, slice Etc . and they all brands compete for different segment in market like PepsiCo’s slice, coke’s maza and Parle’s frooti compete in same mango drink segment of market. 1. 2 Overview of food and beverage industry in UK As food and drink is a flourishing industry in UK, it is very mature and intensely competitive. It has impacts on the UK economy far beyond its significant contribution to GDP and employment. It provides various job prospects to the various youngsters in UK. Every other industry was affected economically in recession except food and drink sector which remains a major beneficiary amongst. Also the exports of food and drink items have been increased continuously from decades and won’t affect by the recession. The industry achieves Excellency by producing significant number of new products, because of a remarkable Ramp;D centre, which keeps on spending a large amount on innovation. This project define about the branding in food and beverage industry and it show the different effect of branding on the customer, how a specific brand repeated by the consumers , this paper show the impact of branding on the market , organisation culture and the working style of employee within the company. In chapter 2, this paper will explain the â€Å"brand† in general with put the light forward on the related topics like- brand equity, brand image , brand loyalty , brand awareness, brand association etc, and allow the reader to understand the broad concept of the branding , its impact and importance in the industry. Then research product look in to the importance of growing a brand strategy for the products. Then researcher will propose and examine the case of different food and beverage companies focused on brand strategy. From the reading of the literature review and collected data analysis, reader will aware about a multinational food and beverage company‘s brand importance and how much it influence its sales. Then researcher discusses the analysed data and identifies the problem areas and proposes the conclusion along with valuable recommendation for short out the problems to make the brand strong. 1. Research limitation – * Researcher selected the ambiguous topic which is very vast and difficult to the research on entire sectors, food and beverage sectors of UK deals in multiple chain like –retail, canned, service, processing, alcoholic, non alcoholic etc so this research only focused on the multinational retail food restaurant like – McDonald, burger king , and t he beverage serve in these restaurant(coke ,Pepsi etc) . this present research study is confined to only retail food restaurant alone and the finding may not be applicable for the other field of food and beverage industry.

Lament :: Personal Narrative Writing

Lament I have matured, and, at the proper time, the winnower will come for me. I will be ready. I have cast off my seed into the rich humus born of past generations. It has taken root, and now sings its own Song of Spring Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,-- John Keats, â€Å"To Autumn† It is fitting on this day of cold bluster and unsentimental sunlight to write of endings. Spring, so recently past, seems a dream. Was it so long ago that I, like spring, burst onto the scene? The faces and days of my youth are veiled within the mist of memory, but not beyond my reach. I inhale and the aroma of lilacs engulfs me, just as they encircled my house. A sister is born; she is named June Iris, but she has arrived too early in April. She is carried home in her namesake month. My mother places her in the sunlight that leaks between our drapes. We have to be quiet; she is sleeping. . . . In an instant I am riding my bicycle beneath the elms whose branches rise to the sky like the vaulted ceiling of a cathedral. Lining my street, they provide a cool respite from the relentless heat of a Midwestern sun. The orb drifts over, shifting the patterns of shade and light as though it were setting designs in stained glass. Sometimes with a friend, but more often alone, I gallop my two-w heeled steed up and down the block. Obsessed with horses and the westerns on television, I have no need for companions to challenge my imagination and diminish the enjoyment. In pretend, I wile away the days of girlhood that reach to a future I never consider. I try to recall the sounds. The birds sang, I’m certain. Surely there were the shouts that accompanied the games. But there is no music in my reverie, no sound to break the white silence. Like the caterpillar in its cocoon, I’m insulated within myself. The Wind. I remember the wind as it rushed through the elms, ruffling the branches or swirling them in circles. I turn and am standing in the picture window that looked out upon our street. The sky is blackish green. The trees shift violently from side to side. I watch, oblivious to the potential danger of a breakaway limb, mesmerized by the dance before me.

The New Standard: VoiceXML Essay -- Computer Programming Languages

VoiceXML the New Standard for Voice Applications From the initial introduction of VoiceXML in March of 2000, the world of customer service and voice applications have been turned upside down. Before VoiceXML, companies were complaining about the flexibility of their voice applications. Problems were arising because consumers were growing tired of using the touch-tone keypad on their telephones to select options and companies were losing more money than they would have liked. In order to increase the portability of their applications, companies decided to find a new way to standardize their interface. The solution that came about was VoiceXML, which was created by Motorola, AT&T, Lucent Technologies and IBM. The VoiceXML language is based on the World Wide Web Consortium's XML standard. Through the use of VoiceXML speech enabled applications have begun to help companies cut costs and deliver superior service. This standard has almost revolutionized the way that companies handle automated calls. This standard has started a competitive market for other platforms that enable businesses to improve all processes of their customer care and communication over the phone. VoiceXML or VXML is an open standard for building and controlling intelligent voice applications that incorporate speech recognition and text to speech technologies. According to Xiaole Song, VoiceXML is designed to be platform independent around the same server logic pull model used for HTML applications. Developers are able to create audio dialogs that have speech, audio, and the recognition of spoken and touch tone input and mixed conversations. Most of the existing automatic call handling systems lacked intelligence because they were built on menu st... ...2001, Aug 1) Let voice XML speak [Online] 2 pages; Available: http://www.wirelessreview.com Song, Xiaole. (2004, June 14) Implementing Speech-Enables Contact Center Applications [Online], 6 pages, Available: http://www.tmcnet.com/ Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com SPEECHTEK (2005, Aug. 1) VoiceXML Platform Certification Program Gains Momentum [Online] 2 pages, Available: http://www.voicexml.org/press/press_releases The New Standard: VoiceXML Essay -- Computer Programming Languages VoiceXML the New Standard for Voice Applications From the initial introduction of VoiceXML in March of 2000, the world of customer service and voice applications have been turned upside down. Before VoiceXML, companies were complaining about the flexibility of their voice applications. Problems were arising because consumers were growing tired of using the touch-tone keypad on their telephones to select options and companies were losing more money than they would have liked. In order to increase the portability of their applications, companies decided to find a new way to standardize their interface. The solution that came about was VoiceXML, which was created by Motorola, AT&T, Lucent Technologies and IBM. The VoiceXML language is based on the World Wide Web Consortium's XML standard. Through the use of VoiceXML speech enabled applications have begun to help companies cut costs and deliver superior service. This standard has almost revolutionized the way that companies handle automated calls. This standard has started a competitive market for other platforms that enable businesses to improve all processes of their customer care and communication over the phone. VoiceXML or VXML is an open standard for building and controlling intelligent voice applications that incorporate speech recognition and text to speech technologies. According to Xiaole Song, VoiceXML is designed to be platform independent around the same server logic pull model used for HTML applications. Developers are able to create audio dialogs that have speech, audio, and the recognition of spoken and touch tone input and mixed conversations. Most of the existing automatic call handling systems lacked intelligence because they were built on menu st... ...2001, Aug 1) Let voice XML speak [Online] 2 pages; Available: http://www.wirelessreview.com Song, Xiaole. (2004, June 14) Implementing Speech-Enables Contact Center Applications [Online], 6 pages, Available: http://www.tmcnet.com/ Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com Mitchell, Robert L. (2005, August 22) Smart Talk: Speech-enabled apps deliver bottom line benefits [Online] 5 pages, Available: http://www.computerworld.com SPEECHTEK (2005, Aug. 1) VoiceXML Platform Certification Program Gains Momentum [Online] 2 pages, Available: http://www.voicexml.org/press/press_releases

Object Speech Outline Essay

I. Blood sweat and tears have been shed in this jersey. I have battled in this Jersey, for God, this school and my team. All my life I have played soccer with the goal to never â€Å"plateau† or to stop getting better, to always achieve the next level. I have played soccer since I was four years old and this jersey embodies my experiences up to this point. This jersey represents not only soccer, but my accomplishments, my defeats, my passion, my hatred, the impact it has had on my life, and much more. But most importantly this jersey represents God in my life, and how soccer has been the catalyst for God to minister through me. II. I started off my college soccer career playing division 1 soccer at Sacramento State in the 2nd hardest conference in the country, the big west. As a freshman I had the 4th most minutes played on the whole team, I had a full ride, and some might say my life had been set up nicely. But by then end of the season I found myself feeling empty, something was missing. The more I thought about it the clearer it became, I had all of this but I didn’t have what mattered most, God. So I took a leap of faith and left sac state to pursue a deeper and stronger relationship with God. I had no intention of playing soccer anymore or coming to APU. But one of my good friends who plays here at Azusa convinced me to come and check it out. Having done this I found myself in a position, for the first time in my life, where my faith and my passion have been able to coincide, through wearing this jersey. III. This brings me to my second point, which is that not only am I able to play soccer for God and represent my faith, but I am able to actually minister to people through my sport. This summer I tried out and made a semi professional team known as the Southern California Seahorses. This team plays at the highest level possible for college athletes while still allowing them to maintain collegiate eligibility. The Seahorses are a Christian based organizatio n whose main goal is to mold young men into, not great soccer players who are Christians, but Christians who are great soccer players. You may wonder what the difference is, though it is rather small in semantics the significance is nothing short of incredible. I am now proud to call myself a Christian who  happens to play soccer. The difference is what do you put first, your passion and your goals, or God? For the first time in my life, I have put God above my goals, I have put aside my dreams to live to serve God, and in return God has blessed me by allowing to me to still pursue my goal by ministering through soccer. IV. As I said before, this Jersey embodies my life up to this point, why? Because soccer has been the center of my life, everything has revolved around it, and finally I am now able to combine the two biggest things in my life, my faith, and my passion for soccer, and am blessed to be able to practice both on a daily basis. For me the question that brought the most clarity, was when I was asked, â€Å"Do you call yourself a soccer player who is Christian, or a Christian who happens to play soccer? †

Exam is Not Everything Consideration Essay

Exam is Not Everything Consideration Essay Exam is Not Everything Consideration Essay Sample Exam is Not Everything Consideration Essay Sample From the time immemorial, exams have been used as the main way of assessment. Exams have turned out to be an important segment of human lives. Since I was in the junior school, I have been taking exams. The same case has happened to anyone who has been in the school system. Since exams have been a part of our lives in almost all instances, people have developed a strong mentality that the only way to succeed in life is by passing exams. This mentality has developed in people’s mindsets and since every person wants to succeed in life, they fear exams and take them seriously. The most amazing thing is that the same mentality has developed in the society. Individuals who pass exams are seen as successful, while those who fail are encouraged to work hard. Seriousness that people have during exams raises more rhetoric than answers. I tend to question whether exams measure what they are meant to measure. This kind of thinking provokes me to think otherwise. I argue that exams do not measure what they are intended to measure. I find gaps in the way exams assess individual abilities and skills. I also blame exams as a key contributor to challenges that we have today. There are people who have useful skills, but they cannot be captured by exams and, thus, such skills get wasted (Little). Exams and Alternative Method of Assessment In this paper, I shall extensively argue on proposition that exams should be replaced with an alternative method of assessment. Firstly, I do not believe that exams measure what they are meant to measure. They do not achieve their intended goals. Real intentions of exams are to help a teacher and a student to achieve certain objectives. Exams allow the teacher to assess what students have learned. Such kind of information is very helpful to the teacher since the teacher will realize weak areas that need to be revised. The teacher will be able to engage students and identify the best ways of covering certain areas. If this is done, learning will be exciting and it will remain quality-oriented. Unfortunately, this does not happen. On the one hand, teachers focus on administering exams just because it is mandatory. They never take exams as a way of assessing weak areas so that they can assist students to improve them. If students fail exams, teachers conclude that students are foolish or they never take their class work seriously. The whole issue is forgotten and the teacher continues with the syllabus. Students have no chance to prove their abilities (Morris). Students, on the other hand, end up discouraged since they believe that they are failures. From the above perspective, it can be argued that exams are not beneficial to students or teachers. The same proves the argument that exams should be replaced with alternative methods of assessments. It also proves that exams do not measure what they are intended to measure. Exams are just a cause of trauma to students. I tend to argue that teachers do not even care what they test. They are out to ensure that they have something that they can make grades from. They do not care whether what they test is helpful to students so long as it is an exam (Gnad). Secondly, I totally agree with the notion that exams are a way of assessing student’s performance. However, the question of how accurate exams can evaluate students in terms of their ability and intelligence makes me believe that exams should not be used as a way of assessment. I tend to concur with Albert Einstein’s argument that everyone is a genius and individuals should not be judged using only one method since it may discourage them. In relation to the above case, I argue that we should not judge students’ abilities by exams only. If exams are used as the only way of assessment, it will be impossible to capture abilities and skills that students possess. Their real potential and ability would remain unrealized. Moreover, exams tend to pose a very wrong assumption. Exams assume that a single method can be used in assessing students accurately. Such an assumption is very incorrect. Student population presents a lot of diversities. Students possess different le arning styles; however, exams are inefficient in capturing differences in learning and it calls for different ways of assessing their abilities and potential. The same argument poses another critical question. If teachers clearly understand that students have a lot of differences and they cannot be assessed in the same way, why are exams still used as a way of assessing students’ potential and ability? The same argument justifies the reason there should be different methods of assessing potential of students (Dowling). Thirdly, I believe that exams should be replaced with an alternative method of assessment because exams are more of a mind game than assessment. Exams are aimed at testing whether students can easily recall what has been taught in class. While some students require a lot of time to study and understand, some will read a textbook the day before the exam and pass it, while others who cannot do that fail. Moreover, some students may perform poorly in exams, but they can easily demonstrate what they have learned through presentations and applications (Gnad). However, such capabilities are not captured in exams and such students end up failing. It is thus right to state that exams do not measure individual ability and skills, but rather they test the ability to recall. In the end, a student with the strongest ability to recall and memorize is classified as intelligent. From the above revelations, exams are a way of gambling and it does not test the ability of an individual nor skills that one has. In addition, exams have resulted in a scenario where there are many people who can pass exams, but they cannot be able to translate their learned skills into practice. The same calls for the need of having an alternative way of assessing abilities of students in a more comprehensive way (Dowling). Exams are highly susceptible to teaching. Despite strict penalties that exist, it is eminent that exams are still susceptible to cheating. Students can easily sneak exam materials and cheat in exams. Furthermore, some teachers can easily provide their favored students with questions that appear in exams. The same proves that exams are susceptible to cheating. When such a scenario happens, some students end up having the upper hand and they acquire merit that they do not deserve. Furthermore, computer systems that store exam results before release are also vulnerable to hacking. Such a scenario calls for an alternative method of assessing students. A method that is not susceptible to cheating or hacking need to be put in place (Morris) Exams shift mentality of a student from seeking knowledge to seeking grade. Students do not bother to add more knowledge that is not in the syllabus since they believe that it is useless. Their main intention is to obtain a good grade and not to attain new knowledge. This form of mentality hinders creativity and exploration of new knowledge. It is unfortunate that teachers only encourage students to read past papers so that they can master questions that will appear in exams, but they do not encourage them to get additional knowledge on the topic. This form of mentality is against the main goals of education. Exams only tie up the mind of students to certain principles that are unclear instead of setting them free so that they can explore new knowledge (Gnad). Furthermore, although exams are marked using the same standards, it remains eminent that different examiners may grade the same paper differently. Cases of favoritism are also evident in exams. Students can also coerce teachers to change their marks. These kinds of inefficiencies prove that exams do not measure what they are meant to measure. While I do not advocate for a system that is totally perfect, I believe that inefficiencies presented by exams as a way of an assessment prove that the method is very ineffective. The method needs to be replaced with an alternative method that can capture various aspects in a more comprehensive way (Morris). From the various arguments presented above, it is undisputable that exams need to be replaced with another alternative method of assessing students. Inefficiencies revealed by exams prove that exams cannot assess students fairly. Inconsistencies and inefficiencies prove that exams do not measure what they are intended to measure. End results are students who cannot apply what they have learned in class, but they can pass exams. These students will be irrelevant in the job market since they cannot apply theoretical skills (Little). Nevertheless, opponents paint a different scenario Firstly, they argue that different variables such as intelligence and competence cannot be measured accurately by any method since they are not straightforward. As a result, there is a need for a formal system that will help in measuring such variables so that the education system can remain relevant. There is a need of accessing differences that exist in the levels of knowledge as well as experience. Opponents strongly argue that there is no other method that can test students in an impartial manner like exams. Exams have clear and measurable outcomes and, thus, they are not vague. For this reason, exams should not be replaced with alternative methods of assessing students (Dowling). Secondly, opponents argue that exams are still relevant. They argue that proponents do not appreciate the fact that exams are better off than the lack of any test. According to opponents, although exams are not perfect, they help to some extent. Opponents agree that cheating prevails in exams, but they also reiterate that exams do not cheat. They pose a strong argument that these are prevailing conditions that allow cheating, but the exam does not cheat. Opponents argue that individuals should focus on ways of improving existing conditions so as to ensure that cheating does not prevail instead of doing away with exams. Opponents challenge proponents to accept the hard reality that there is no alternative method that can be perfect and, thus, the focus should be on improving on exams (Morris). In addition, opponents challenge proposed alternatives such as discussions and group works as ways of assessing students. They discredit such alternatives by arguing that cheating also prevails in such methods. Students are more likely to copy from other students in a group work than when they are in the exam since there is supervision. Moreover, group works can promote laziness in one way or the other. Students can take advantage of hard working students and they fail to do their work since they know that they will be graded as a group and they will get equal marks. In case of exams, they are very specific. They gauge individual capacity and, thus, it is possible to get more accurate results than when people are assessed as a group (Dowling). Opponents also believe that exams provide an excellent way of measuring understanding and knowledge. In addition, exams measure the ability of an individual to express him or herself. What an individual writes in an exam is a clear indication of what an individual has learned. If there were no exams, individuals would not even bother working hard since they would hold an assumption that they know everything while that may not be true. Opponents challenge proponents to recognize that without exams education system will be irrelevant (Gnad). In conclusion, I believe that exams should be replaced with an alternative method of assessment. Exams do not provide a fair playing ground. They do not recognize diversity among students. Teachers do not focus on ensuring that exams are useful to students, but they only administer them since they are mandatory. Cheating is prevalent in exams and, thus, the main aim of exams is undermined. It is unfortunate that exams produce students who cannot apply theoretical skills into practice. Students always read so that they can excel in their exams, but they never seek knowledge.

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes

Maia, Greek Nymph and Mother of Hermes The Greek nymph Maia was  the  mother of Hermes (in Roman religion, he was called Mercury) with Zeus and was associated, by the Romans, with the goddess of spring, Maia Maiestas. Background and Personal Life A daughter of the Titan  Atlas  - he of the big muscles and carrying the world on his shoulders - and Pleione, Maia was one of the seven mountain nymphs known as  Pleiades  (Taygete, Elektra, Alkyone, Asterope, Kelaino, Maia, and Merope). Her sisters went on to marry some bigwigs in ancient Greece, but Maia snagged the biggest of them all - Zeus himself!   Her son  Hermes was proud of his heritage, saying in Euripides  Ion, Atlas, who wears away heaven, the ancient home of the gods, on his bronze shoulders, was the father of Maia  by a goddess; she bore me, Hermes, to great Zeus; and I am the gods servant. Although Zeus was already married to Hera, that didnt stop him from loving on nymphs and mortal women alike. He  and  Maia had a fling. In the, their affair is recounted: Ever she avoided the throng of the blessed gods and lived in a shadowy cave, and there the Son of Cronos [Zeus] used to lie with the rich-tressed nymph at dead of night, while white-armed Hera lay bound in sweet sleep: and neither deathless god nor mortal man knew it.   This  caused Maia to give birth to their precocious baby boy. She hid out from Hera in a cave on Mount Cyllene. In the Virgil has Aeneas mention, Mercury: Your sire is Mercury, whom long beforeOn cold Cyllenes top fair  Maia  bore.Maia  the fair, on fame if we rely,Was Atlas daughter, who sustains the sky. When I Grow Up... In Sophocles play  Trackers, the eponymous nymph of the mountain recounts how she took care of baby Hermes: This business is a secret even among the gods, so that no news of it may come to Hera.  Cyllene adds, You see, Zeus came secretly to Atlass house ... to the deep-girdled goddess  ... and in a cave begot a single son. I am bringing him up myself, for his mothers strength is shaken by sickness as if by a storm. Hermes grew up  really  fast. Cyllene marvels, He grows, day by day, in a very unusual way, and Im astounded and afraid. Its not even six days since he was born, and he already stands as tall as a young man. Half a day after his birth, he was already making music! The  Homeric Hymn (4) to Hermes  says, Born with the dawning, at mid-day he played on the lyre, and in the evening he stole the cattle of far-shooting Apollo on the fourth day of the month; for on that day queenly  Maia  bare him. How did Hermes steal Apollos oxen? The fourth Homeric Hymn recounts how the trickster was really into stealing his older half-brothers herds. He  picked up a  tortoise, scooped out its meat, and strung sheep gut across it to create the first lyre. Then, he cut off from the herd fifty loud-lowing kine, and drove them straggling-wise across a sandy place, turning their hoof-prints aside by sweeping them away. So he took fifty of Apollos best cows - and covered his tracks so the god couldnt find them! Hermes killed a cow and cooked up some  delicious steak, but when he came  home to Mama Maia, she wasnt too thrilled with his knavery. Hermes replied (no doubt in baby talk), Mother, why do you seek to frighten me like a feeble child whose heart knows few words of blame, a fearful babe that fears its mothers scolding? But he wasnt a baby, and Apollo soon  discovered his misdeeds. Baby Hermes tried to fake sleep, but Apollo wasnt fooled. Apollo brought the baby before Zeus - a tribunal of their dad! Zeus forced Hermes to show Apollo where the cows were hidden. In fact, the infant deity was so charming that Apollo decided to give his domain as lords of herdsmen   - and all his cattle - to Hermes. In exchange, Hermes gave Apollo the lyre hed invented - and thus lordship over music. -Edited by Carly Silver

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions

Ghost Light from Dead Galaxies Sheds Light on Ancient Galaxy Interactions Did you know that astronomers can learn about galaxies that died long ago? Thats part of the story of the cosmos that the  deep cosmos-gazing  Hubble Space Telescope  was built to tell. Along with other telescopes on the ground and on orbit, it fills in the story of the universe as it peers out at distant objects. Some of its most fascinating objects are galaxies, including some that formed in the infancy of the universe and are now long gone from the cosmic scene. What stories do they tell?   What Hubble Found Studying long-dead galaxies sounds like it would be impossible. In a way, it is. Theyre no longer around, but it turns out, some of their stars are. To learn more about early galaxies that no longer exist, Hubble observed dim  light from orphaned stars that lie some 4 billion light-years away from us. They were born billions of years ago and somehow were ejected at high speed from their original galaxies, which themselves are long gone. It turns out some kind of galactic mayhem sent these stars reeling across space. They belonged to a galaxies in a massive galaxy called Pandoras Cluster. The light from those far-flung stars provided clues to a crime scene of truly galactic proportions: as many as six galaxies were somehow torn to pieces within the cluster. How could this happen? Gravity Explains a Lot Each galaxy has a gravitational pull. Its the combined gravity of all the stars, clouds of gas and dust, black holes, and dark matter that exist in the galaxy.  In a cluster, you get the combined gravitational pull of all the galaxies, and that affects all of the members of the cluster. That gravity is pretty strong. In addition, galaxies tend to move around within their clusters, which affects the motions and interacts of their cluster-mates. Add those two effects together and you set the scene  for the destruction of some not-so-lucky small galaxies that happen to get caught in the action.  They get stuck in a squeeze play between their larger neighbors as they travel, Eventually, the strong gravity of the bigger galaxies pulls the smaller ones apart.   Astronomers found clues to this destructive shredding of galaxies by studying the light from stars scattered by the action.That light would be detectable long after the galaxies were destroyed. However, this predicted intracluster glow of stars is very faint and is quite a challenge to observe.These are extremely faint stars and they are brightest in infrared wavelengths of light. This is where Hubble comes in. It has very sensitive detectors to capture that faint glow from the stars. Its observations helped scientists study the combined light of about 200 billion stars that were cast out from interacting galaxies. Its measurements showed that the scattered stars are rich in heavier elements like oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen. This means they are not the first-ever stars formed. The first stars consisted mainly of hydrogen and helium, and forged heavier elements in their cores. When those earliest ones died, all the elements were cast into space and into nebulae of gas and dust. Later generations of stars formed from those clouds and show higher concentrations of heavy elements. It is the enriched stars that Hubble studied in an effort to track what happened to their galactic homes.   Future Studies Zero in on More Orphan Stars Theres still a lot to figure out about the earliest, most distant galaxies and their interactions. Everywhere Hubble looks, it finds more and more distant galaxies. The farther out it  peers, the further back in time it looks. Each time it makes a deep field observation, this telescope shows astronomers fascinating things about the earliest times in the cosmos. Thats all part of the study of cosmology, the origin and evolution of the universe.

The Clarinet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Clarinet - Essay Example Similarly, as I have been a musician since I was twelve, and because of my deep passion for it, describing the musical instrument ‘clarinet’ appears to be a simple objective for me to accomplish. Most of the people are very fond of clarinet’s music, but many dont really know much about this instrument. But I hope to describe it in such a manner that a pretty good idea of the same could emerge in my readers’ mind. The clarinet is an instrument from the woodwind family. It acquires its name from the word clarino, which means a particular type of ‘trumpet’ and prefixed to net which means ‘little’. Thus the word ‘clarinet’ can be taken to mean as ‘a little instrument which sounds almost like trumpet.’ The woodwind family has three branches, and each has a different source of sound. The sounds are made in clarinet through the vibrations that are made by blowing air across the top of this instrument, across a si ngle reed or in some cases across two reeds. The reed is clamped to a mouthpiece at the top of the instrument and vibrates against the mouthpiece when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. In cases where two reeds are tied together and used in a clarinet, such instruments are known as double reed clarinets. The clarinet’s body is slender and long, and it accommodates some metal keys which can be pressed to play different notes. Made from wood, the clarinet produces a fluid sound when air is blown between the reed and the mouthpiece. Most of the clarinetists buy manufactured reeds while some of them make their own.

Analysis of the organization of a target company (General Motors Essay

Analysis of the organization of a target company (General Motors Corporation) - Essay Example Indeed, the company has been able to harness the capabilities of each individual so that they can help in the historic comeback of a legend in business that has succumbed to the pressures of the financial crisis that engulfed the United States (GM Website). The paper also aims to gather different perspectives from different authors and papers that have been available throughout the past two decades. As such, it is important to note the there has been two significant changes that affected the organization of General Motors. One is the transition from the industrial age to the information age which has yielded what Serrat (2008) calls the knowledge workers. Also, automobile giant has not been spared by the onslaught of the credit crunch that engulfed most of the advanced economies towards the latter part of this century’s first decade. Paradigmatic Perspectives The lens for analyzing this paper has already been settled. As such, the views presented herein will illustrate how Gen eral Motors was able to harness their diverse employees into one functioning organization. There will be various literatures that will be able to shed some light into the organization that has been formed within this company. However, the analysis will be anchored upon the basic paradigm that has been established for this study. As such, this will hopefully show the organization of GM and its employees as it rises back from bankruptcy. Looking at the organization of the company, the channels of communication has been established in order to capture the suggestions of their diverse employees (Hoffman and Gavin, 1998). Still, despite the diversity, the company’s organization has been able to maintain a certain degree of linearity as they are able to funnel all these suggestions from all their diverse employees into the top management. In addition, it is important to see how these employees can be effectively harnessed. Indeed, central to the efforts to improve a company’ s organization is its human resources department. As such, it is important that the company is able to maintain within its organization the needed manpower that fits its culture perfectly and contribute to the company (Huselid, 1995). Also, it is important to note that the employees ought to be able to identify themselves with the company and this is what the organization of GM has so far been banking on. Company Background The company that this analysis will focus on is General Motors Corporation (GM), one of the biggest players in the automobile industry in the United States. Last June 2009, at the height of the Global Financial Crisis, GMC filed for bankruptcy that has practically wiped out jobs and share value. However, after being bailed out by the United States government, the company has been able to recover and has been able to record decent profits. As such, the company has tried to distance themselves from their previous image putting forward the impression that General Mo tors has been remade (GM website). Aside from the help from the government, the company has been able to maintain its diverse pool of talents since they rely on their greatest asset – people. Hence, the company tries to maintain a workplace that employees would prefer to work on by making sure that theirs is an organization where people can perform to the best of their abilities. To do so, they have an organization that welcomes the

Reading Response Speech of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont Essay

Reading Response Speech of Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont - Essay Example and devoted themselves mainly to convincing the leaders and their subjects of the land where this cruel anger had affected to open the churches that were located on the east side. They solemnly ordered them at the Auvergne council on their achievement to such activities, as a groundwork for the reduction of all their evils (Krey, 2012). The Bishop of Puy known as Adhemar, who was the leader of this mission was constituted, and also told to embark on their stead. This was done so that those individuals who perhaps might be willing to undertake this voyage, must act in accordance with his rules, as if they were their own, and succumb completely to his bindings or loosing’s, to the extent that he will continue to be holding such a position. Additionally, he asserted that if there are any of the crusaders who feel God has motivated them to this undertaking, they should know that Adhemar will set forth with the assistance of God in the time of the supposition of the blessed Mary, and that this crusaders or followers of God should accord themselves to his teachings and follow his rules (Halsall, 1997). There can be no uncertainty on whether the response to Urban’s evangelization significantly surpassed his expectations. The Chronicles version might to some degree been swayed by the character of this response so that they twist what Urban said to prompt it. However, the historians are not in agreement with such a principle in defining the original themes of urban as well-maintained by the chronicles. The importance of this speech is that it will help the believers of Christ to follow the teachings of their church leaders as they will be aware that he or she is directed by God to lead them. This will assist the Holy City of Jerusalem to be delivered from the pagan

European Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Human Right Law - Essay Example In addition to this, some organizations have come up to have the claim for adequate housing for all persons covered by the ECHR. This paper will consider the different articles in the ECHR under which these issues may be addressed. Basing on the articles, this paper will examine the likelihood of a case against a ban on all abortions, and on smoking in cars to succeed before the ECtHR. In addition to this, this paper will also analyse the possibility of a case in support of a claim for adequate housing to succeed before the ECtHR. Against a Ban on All Abortions Converse to assertions made by some organizations, there is nothing like a ‘right to abortion’. No explicit law is contained in the ECHR that offers a legal basis to abortion2. When the Convention is carefully read, it becomes evident that the life of a foetus is also given importance. There are instances where an abortion is called for on grounds of endangering the life of the woman. Considerations of Article 2(1 ) and Article 8 provide the basis against which cases on abortion may be ruled. Article 2(1) starts by stating that â€Å"Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law.† The term ‘Everyone’ definitely refers to all men and women, both young and adults. This term, however, is not inclusive of foetuses. This is the form of before nine months after conception. An argument may be presented along this line that the foetus does not qualify to be covered by this article. The right to life of the foetus can in no way be ruled to be superior to the right to life of the woman3. Since the life of the woman takes precedence, the right to her life is given more weight than that of the foetus. Looking at Article (8), the ECHR protects the right to privacy4. The woman is protected explicitly by this law. A woman seeking to procure an abortion is, therefore, covered under this law. It is her right to do whatsoever she wishes, without outside interference. An absolute ban on all abortion means that the woman no longer has her private life. A case that has been brought to the ECtHR against the ban on all abortion is likely to succeed since a ban on abortion impinges on the rights of a woman to have her privacy. Against a ban on Smoking in Cars Smoking, when done in a car is within the bounds of private space. Article 8 of the ECHR focuses on the right to respect for private life. This section protects individuals from the intrusion by agents of state into their personal lives. A personal car is private property, and when one is in it, is entitled to the freedom to do as they please5. Whatever happens when one is in their car constitutes private life, and as such, should not be interfered with by authorities. A ban on smoking in cars is an intrusion by agents of government on the private space on a person. A case presented to the ECtHR against a ban on smoking in cars is, therefore, most likely to succeed. There might, however, be a case whereby t hough smoking is done within the confines of a personal car, others are affected6. If a person smokes in their car when the windows are down, the smoke is bound to reach others. If these people, due to health, personal, religious or whatever reason feel that the smoke reaching them is a disturbance, then they have a right to complain. They are entitled to protection from the smoke which is interference on their privacy. In such a case, the ECtHR may rule to have the person

Book Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Book Review - Essay Example Therefore the author tries to bring out that the use of these social tools has significant importance in improving business operations and more importantly creating your own social nation and individual, manager or a team leader. The book is generally written on the marketing, business and economics point of view. In these identified perspectives in which the book is written a social assessment of employees, managers and leaders is provided where they can evaluate scientifically their personal competencies and social skills. The author brings a conceptual framework of this relying on well-known case studies in the corporate business world on how the social principles and practices can be adopted by businesses in order to succeed. The author gives information, explaining and convincing the readers and the audience that the underlying social strategies and principles are very essential to the organization. They are essential because it helps integrate the social skills into the leaders hip practices and managerial operations of the organization (Libert 96). It helps organizations to overcome challenges and risks faced by organizations in becoming successful. They aid in gaining competitive advantage and social intelligence through listening, measuring and understanding outcomes of the investments in relation to partners, employees and customers. The social practices and strategies ensure that new social leadership forms is adopted in the various departments in the organization. Finally, the author brings this importance by asserting that organizations are able to realize the return on investments and the economic benefits that can be accrued from the development of new goods and services. Therefore, it can be argued that the author through social nation convinces the audience that they have the opportunity to be part of the social nation community so that they share experiences with social individuals and other various leaders in the corporate world. The key major target audiences are the business operations players including managers, team leaders, employees, customers and partners. This is arrived because the book emphasizes on building the future business by creating good interactions between communities, customers, partners and employees. The author passes the message that social and emotional connections are important in attracting and keeping employees as well as customers establishing a growing, viable and profitable business (Libert 136). Social nation notably adopts innovative technologies, embracing new revolution and new sources of business revenues thus transforming the organization. The author has adopted a formal style whereby he is coherent passing the intended purpose with clarity and originality from the ascribed subjects notably marketing. He has also used correctly the underlying technical words which are major components of fullness and development. This style has contributed greatly to the book passing the intended messa ge and reaching the intended audience effectively. The book contributes greatly in knowledge development when it comes into building

European Human Right Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

European Human Right Law - Essay Example In addition to this, some organizations have come up to have the claim for adequate housing for all persons covered by the ECHR. This paper will consider the different articles in the ECHR under which these issues may be addressed. Basing on the articles, this paper will examine the likelihood of a case against a ban on all abortions, and on smoking in cars to succeed before the ECtHR. In addition to this, this paper will also analyse the possibility of a case in support of a claim for adequate housing to succeed before the ECtHR. Against a Ban on All Abortions Converse to assertions made by some organizations, there is nothing like a ‘right to abortion’. No explicit law is contained in the ECHR that offers a legal basis to abortion2. When the Convention is carefully read, it becomes evident that the life of a foetus is also given importance. There are instances where an abortion is called for on grounds of endangering the life of the woman. Considerations of Article 2(1 ) and Article 8 provide the basis against which cases on abortion may be ruled. Article 2(1) starts by stating that â€Å"Everyone’s right to life shall be protected by law.† The term ‘Everyone’ definitely refers to all men and women, both young and adults. This term, however, is not inclusive of foetuses. This is the form of before nine months after conception. An argument may be presented along this line that the foetus does not qualify to be covered by this article. The right to life of the foetus can in no way be ruled to be superior to the right to life of the woman3. Since the life of the woman takes precedence, the right to her life is given more weight than that of the foetus. Looking at Article (8), the ECHR protects the right to privacy4. The woman is protected explicitly by this law. A woman seeking to procure an abortion is, therefore, covered under this law. It is her right to do whatsoever she wishes, without outside interference. An absolute ban on all abortion means that the woman no longer has her private life. A case that has been brought to the ECtHR against the ban on all abortion is likely to succeed since a ban on abortion impinges on the rights of a woman to have her privacy. Against a ban on Smoking in Cars Smoking, when done in a car is within the bounds of private space. Article 8 of the ECHR focuses on the right to respect for private life. This section protects individuals from the intrusion by agents of state into their personal lives. A personal car is private property, and when one is in it, is entitled to the freedom to do as they please5. Whatever happens when one is in their car constitutes private life, and as such, should not be interfered with by authorities. A ban on smoking in cars is an intrusion by agents of government on the private space on a person. A case presented to the ECtHR against a ban on smoking in cars is, therefore, most likely to succeed. There might, however, be a case whereby t hough smoking is done within the confines of a personal car, others are affected6. If a person smokes in their car when the windows are down, the smoke is bound to reach others. If these people, due to health, personal, religious or whatever reason feel that the smoke reaching them is a disturbance, then they have a right to complain. They are entitled to protection from the smoke which is interference on their privacy. In such a case, the ECtHR may rule to have the person

Following Military Orders That May Be Unethical Research Paper

Following Military Orders That May Be Unethical - Research Paper Example There are many legal and social standards through which an action is ethical, but these standards do not solve the contradiction that comes with the relativity in situations, individuals and societies. While soldiers pledge to obey their superior’s orders they do so in view of the uniform code of military justice and the constitution. As such, soldiers â€Å"should not† obey illegal commands. Establishing the legality or illegality of a command has over the years has raised controversial ethical issues. Under the UCMJ, articles 90 to 92 hold that willful or un-willful disobedience of lawful orders from a senior officer is a criminal offence (Mason, 2011). During war, article 90 further stipulates that such an action is punishable by death (Mason, 2011). Unlawful orders are those that are repugnant to the Constitution seeing as the constitution is the supreme law of the land. The constitution derives form societal ethics and religious doctrines. However, the constitution does not take into account all societal ethics and religious standings of a people (Mason, 2011). There are many examples of illegal or potentially unethical orders issued every day in the army and other military organizations. This paper examines two accounts of death orders. The first example is that of William Calley 1968 during the Vietnam War (Thomas, 2012). The then Second Lieutenant claimed to have received orders from his superior to open fire and subsequently kill civilians. He then passed these orders to his juniors who, like him opened fire on innocent, unarmed civilians in the absence of duress (enemy fire) (Thomas, 2012). In 1971, William received a life sentence with the charge of premeditated murder. The aftermath of the sentence aside, Lieutenant William was guilty of murder while following the orders of a superior (Thomas, 2012). With the rise of terrorism threats cases of inhumane, unconstitutional mistreatment of prisoners is on the rise. A second example is an i ncident that occurred in the year 2004 during America’s invasion of Iraq. The 343rd Quartermaster Company on 13th October refused to go on a mission as ordered by their superiors (Mason, 2011). The unit cited unsafe and insufficient equipment as their reason to disobey orders claiming that the order was a suicide mission. The consequences of their actions have negative far reaching effects on their careers. These consequences include detainment, dishonorable discharge and forfeit of pay (Mason, 2011). In 1986, the U.S army listed some values an organization should have considered to form the foundation on which ethics stems from. These values included integrity, loyalty, selflessness and duty (Mason, 2011). For the individual, the army listed courage, commitment, candor and competence. This proclamation spells out two things. The first is that the superior officer (representative of the organization) should give due consideration to ethical matters while giving orders. Second ly, the officer receiving the orders should follow them while maintaining an ethical approach. Military laws and courts hold military persons accountable if their actions are unlawful regardless of the situation (whether they were following orders from a superior or not) (Mason, 2011). There are various theories that one can apply to examine the above situations. These theories include utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics relativism, emotivism and ethical egoism. John Stuart Mill advanced Consequentialism, a

Gender Socialization Essay Example for Free

Gender Socialization Essay Every child is born to a particular society which has its set of values, norms and belief system. The first stage of socialization of the child is the family to which he/she is born. As the child grows, he/she is introduced to the way life is lived and the role he or she is to play in the family and the society. When a child is born, the first question that anybody asks is ‘is it a boy or a girl? †. This is the beginning of gender socialization. From that point, the clothes the child wears, the kind of treatment that is given to the child and the things that are expected of the child becomes distinguished. UNICEF defined gender socialization as â€Å"a process of learning cultural roles according to ones sex, and provides examples of ways in which these are incorporated through parental and societal expectations from boys and girls† ( VAWnet, 2004). Taking a queue from my life experience and from my knowledge of socialization, I will say that the traits I see myself exhibiting are rubbed off on me as a result of my family socialization. At a very tender age, I grew to recognize my role in the family and how to relate with the elderly. My father taught me how to be a man and how to live the life of integrity and boldness, which he considered a necessity of any man. Furthermore, I grew up with an idea that some jobs were for ladies while some were for men. I was taught that men are strong and do not cave in to their emotions. I was taught how to be a fearless, courageous and decent young man and how it is my responsibility to look out for my family. Although I do not stay with my father and mother again, I still see some attributes of my father in me and sometimes when I do something, I smile and attribute that thing to what I learnt when I was growing up. Summarily, I believe no matter how hard we try not to draw a line between both sexes, the fact is we all have our roles in the society. Reference: http://new. vawnet. org/category/index_pages. php? category_id=813 â€Å"Gender Socialization† (2004). Retrieved on November 21, 2008.

The Laser Communication System

The Laser Communication System This report is apprehensive with Optical communication in which the source of light is a laser and whose beam is modified for video, voice or data communication over the wide range of bandwidths, typically 1 GHZ or more. Since when the laser is invented, it has attracted the communication engineers because it is the revolutionary source of electromagnetic radiation. There are basically two principal reasons for this attraction. First, optical carrier frequencies are about ten thousand times higher than those available in the microwave part of the spectrum. If we can develop techniques for achieving even modest modulation percentage bandwidths, the information handling capacity can be increased at a great deal. The second reason relates to the narrow beam width that can be obtained from a laser. This means that power can be efficiently transmitted to distant points [1]. In this report I have prepared a Laser communication system in which we are transmitting our voice across the room with help of the Laser. We have described how the system is made i.e. complete description about the design of transmitter and complete description about the receiver. We also have tested the system and its working successfully. The components used for the project were very cheap and easily available (like transformer, led, solar cell, laser, microphone jacks, mic, amplifier, battery holder and batteries). This is in fact the best method to make a Cheapest Laser communication system. Basics about Lasers and optical fibers are described as both were important to know. The advantages and disadvantages of both laser communication system and optical fibers are discussed in this report. To make an optical communication system we must require sources of light. The properties of the two mostly used sources of lights i.e. LASER (Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes) is also been discussed in a tabular form. By using this table we can identify which source to use at what time. There are also some challenges faced by the laser communication system and optical fibers, these are discussed and solution to some of them is also given. It is also been told that what will be the business benefits, when we will find the solution of those problems. This report is all about the short range communication but also can be used for long communication systems. Chapter 1: Literature review 1.1 Laser LASER is a short form of Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. The theory of laser is that an atom in excited state encounters a photon of same energy that is equal to the gap energy between the excited and ground states of the atom. When this type of photon is encountered, then another photon is emitted which is of the same energy. The research in Lasers slowly continued and increased the scope area. There were different types of improvements in laser structure and design which enhanced the lifetime of the lasers, beam width was focused, improved continuity of output, regulated and short pulse duration, etc. Henceforth Transportations became largest areas in which lasers were thought to have application. Increasing telephone use, electronic transmission, relaying of television signals, and the need for communication in space all contributed to the emphasis placed on laser technology toward communications[2]. The major attraction to lasers for communications purpose is the fact that the quantity of data or information that an EM wave can carry is proportional to its frequency. One more interesting thing about Optical light is its frequencies; the optical frequencies are 109 times greater than the radio waves and also105 times greater than microwaves. Communication technology was growing day by day and Lasers were emerging as the ideal solution for this complex problem. There were huge amount of technical complications in using lasers for the communications, and it took many years of hard work and invention of other technologies which made laser communication practical. The first invention was the discovery by Charles Kao and George Hockham in 1970 that glass fibers could transmit laser light [2]. The working principle of the Laser communication system is very similar to fiber optic links, but the difference is that the beam is transmitted through free space. While the transmitter and receiver must require line-of-sight conditions, this is the only so called constraint of the laser communication system. As any barrier between the transmitter and receiver can cause the data loss but they have the benefit of eliminating the need for buried cables and broadcasting rights. Laser communications systems can be easily deployed since they are cheap, small, low power and do not require any radio interference stuff to revision. The carrier used for the transmission signal is generated by a laser diode. Two parallel beams are required, one for transmission and one for reception. But the system which is to be implemented in this project is only one way. Laser communications have been a very attractive topic lately, because it has given the solutions for how to satisfy ever increasing bandwidth needs which are in high demand. Some have suggested that bandwidth could be distributed in neighborhoods by putting laser communication systems on top of homes and pointing them towards a common transceiver with a fast link to the Internet [2]. With possible transmit speeds of up to a gigabit per second, this is an exciting area. 1.2 Optical fiber Before starting with the laser communication system we must also be familiar with optical fiber communications i.e. the communications with the help of glass fibers because laser communications is a part of optical communications somewhere, as laser communication can be done with and without optical fiber and laser is also a source of light in optical communication with LED (Light emitting diode) [3,9]. This thinking of optical communications with the help of the glass fiber was generated at the time of Alexander Graham Bell [4]. Yet it took many years for its practical implementations as better quality of glass and low cost electronic equipment was invented quite a while after that. In 1960s the development of the optical communication was started with the invention of the new devices and fibers and which is going on till now. The most interesting thing happened in 1980s. During these 10 years the public communication networks were developed for the optical communications and it became the most dominant technology. There were 3 major milestones in all the developments and they were following: [4] In late 1950s LASER was invented In 1970s low loss optical fiber was developed. In 1980s amplifier for the optical fiber was invented. The use of the optical communication technology blowout like a fire. And the coaxial copper wire, which were used in early times, were replaced by the optical fibers and a new era of technology emerged called as optical communications technology. The two technologies electronics communications and optical communications are very much closely related to each other but the principle of operation in both the technologies is different. There is a misconception in the people about optical communication that the light travels in the optical fiber as the current or electricity travels in wires. This is not true, because in optical communication systems light is an electromagnetic wave and optical fiber is a waveguide. Also the connection between the wires i.e. in the electronic communications is very easy as compared to the optical fibers. In optical communications we require connectors to join two optical fibers [3,4]. 1.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of optical fiber Now we should discuss some advantages and disadvantages of optical fibers over copper wire: 1.3.1 Advantages of optical fibers Data secrecy i.e. security of the data Data Truthfulness i.e. very low loss of data Long distance communications is possible without involving repeaters, amplifiers and boosters. Large amount of data can be communicated. Optical fibers are insusceptible to EM interference, but not immune to the alpha and the beta energies. These optical fibers are not unsafe to use them near the high voltage devices and an area where the earths potential is different because they have High electrical resistance. The power necessities of the optical fibers are low as compared to the wires. The optical fibers are very light in weight, so they are easy to carry. The speed of the transmitting is very high 1.3.2 Disadvantages of optical fibers The initial cost and the preservation cost of the optical fiber is quite high as compared to the wires To connect two optical fibers we need connectors and splices which are costly and more difficult to operate than wires. Optical fibers dont have ability to transmit electrical power for the operation of terminal devices Extra care is to be taken while handling the optical fibers, as they are very sensitive to physical shocks. 1.4 Sources of light in Optical communication system There are two main sources of the light in Optical communication systems and they are namely [3] LED Light Emitting Diode LASER- Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation It totally depends upon the certain factors like application, cost, performance, stability, power and cost, to use which type of source for the system. LED is generally used when them system power requirements is low. As LED make system small in size, reduces its cost, reduces the complexity of the system and also stable with temperature. LASER is used where the power requirement of the signal is high because if we use LED in high power requirements then the cost of the system will go high. Also in LASER the transmission rate is high, can do long distance communication and more reliable. The table on the next page compares properties of LED and LASER [3]. S. No. Features LASER LED 1. Power 100 mW 40 mW (max) 2. Light source Coherent Incoherent 3. Temperature Dependence High Low 4. Interference Self-interference No self-interference 5. Lifetime Long but lees than LED Long 6. Modulation speed Can be 1 GHz and faster 100 Hz 30 MHz (max) 7. Beam divergence Narrow Wide 8. Bandwidth req. Less than 1 nanometer 40 100 nanometers 9. Noise at receiver Low High 10. System cost Low for high power vice versa Low for low power high for high power 11. Reliability High Low 12 Accuracy High Low 13 Efficiency High Low 14. Use Long short distance communications Short-distance Communication 15. Signal damage Low High Table 1 According to this above table we can choose our source of light. In this technical report, we develop a basic Laser communication model which is used for long or short distance communications. Sometimes for the long n short Laser communication systems we use optical fibers and some times we do not use, totally depends upon the system [5]. Actions can be taken to increase the capability of the system i.e. to boost the data rate with low noise. This all is discussed in this report. Chapter 2: Review from the key paper The key paper I took for this topic is not actually a paper but a page on the internet called Light and Optics made by Simon Quellen Field [6]. It is equivalent to my key paper because the work done on this paper is very much similar to my project area. 2.1 Summary of the key paper 2.1.1 Project Objective The objective of this project is to make an optical communication system in which the source of light is a laser and which can transmit the signal from one point to another without using any cables wires etc. I am interested in this laser communication system because in this system the loss of data and the probability of erroneous are very low and It can also transmit the data at the great speed. This project only deals with the short distance communication [3]. 2.1.2 Project Description Fig. 1 Laser Communication System Figure 1 Laser communication system The system shown in the figure can send data at very high rate. The system illustrated above is set up to send voice data. The microphone input is fed to the transmitter, where the signal is modulated and then transmitted in free space with the help of a laser. The Laser output is according to the format of the result produced by the transmitter section i.e. varying intensities of light. On the receiver side, the signal is read by a photo transistor which converts the light signal to the electrical signal and then it is applied to a speaker. the basic principle is Amplitude modulation an in this case amplitude is intensity of light. This is the basic principle of the Laser communication system. 2.2 Experimental approach of the research [6]: Now we are going to discuss about the technique by which a laser communication system can be made. This method is the simplest method to make a laser communication system. Also this is the cheapest one. For the transmitter we will need A laser pen pointer. A battery holder which can contain equal number of batteries as the laser pointer is having. The size of the batteries may vary, but they should be of the same voltage as the laser batteries. Generally we have a battery holder which contains two batteries, but in this project we need at least three cells. So we can use one battery holder which holds two batteries n one battery holder which holds one battery, and a wire to connect them in series. A transformer as an audio output transformer having an 8 ohm coil and a 1000 ohm coil. A microphone and an amplifier or speaker. Some clip leads normally connecting wires with crocodile clips to connect every component. One clip lead must be the type with a long point, to get connected to the inner part of the laser pointer. The soldering procedure and simple wires can be used for this but the leads are fast, reliable and simple. At last we require a 2 lead bi-color light emitting diode (LED), to protect the damage done to the laser from high voltage spikes. For the receiver we will need: A small solar cell or a light sensitive diode i.e. photodiode having clips to attach simply or if clips are not possible then use soldering procedure. A microphone jack which fits into the audio amplifier or speaker by which we will get our audio output 2.2.1 Transmitter The clip lead is connected to the inner part of the laser where battery is touched. Now we have two clips to attach, to the laser and we do it in a normal way. Usually one of the clip is attached to the small spring which is in the lasers battery area and the second clip lead is usually attached to the case of the laser. Since there are various different types of laser pointers, we may have to do different type of settings with the placement of the clip lead for the proper working of the laser with the new external battery pack. There may arise some situations when we have to hold the lasers push button switch with help of a rubber band or any wire around it. The connection is tested before a transformer is attached to it. It done to make sure that the laser is working with the new battery pack or not. During the testing if the laser doesnt light, then the problem may be with the direction of the battery, the battery is reversed and tested again. This reversal of the battery will not damage the laser. As said before the transformer has two sides. One is 1000ohm and second is 8 ohm. The laser and battery is connected to the 1000ohm side. There are three wires which are coming out of the 1000ohm side of the transformer. We only use the outer two wires to connect the laser and the battery and the middle wire is not used in this circuit and is called a center tap wire. One end of the laser (clip lead used) is connected to the first wire of the 1000ohm side of transformer and the other end is connected to the batterys positive end. The negative end of the battery is connected to the second third wire of the 1000ohm side of transformer and the second one is left open. The bicolor light emitting diode (LED) is also connected to the two outer wires i.e. wire one and wire three of the transformer on the 1000ohm side. This part or LED is used as a protector of the laser which protects the laser from the high voltage spikes. As high voltages go to the LED and low voltages required for the laser go to laser. The laser is tested by attaching the battery. The laser must operate at this time. Now the connection to the 8 ohm side of transformer is made. The earphone jack is connected to that side of transformer. The schematic diagram of the transmitter looks like this: Figure 2 Transmitter for Laser communication system This is how it works. The work of the transformer here is to modulate the power which going to the laser. The signal which comes from the mike is added to and subtracted from the battery power accordingly to the situation, and the intensity of the laser is brightened or it is dimmed correspondingly with the amplitude of the voice in the signal. 2.2.2 Receiver The simplest part of laser communication system is its receiver. We just have to make the connection between the microphone jack and the solar cell. The two ends of the microphone jack are attached to the terminals of the solar cell. It hardly matters in which way the connection is made to it. The schematic of the receiver: Figure 3 Receiver for Laser communication system 2.2.3 Setup and testing We need to take care of two things at first. The mic should be off and laser should be on. Then we need to plug the jack of the transmitter into the opening of the mic. Now the solar cell is connected to the audio amplifier or speaker and the volume is increased till we are able to listen distortion and mocking noise when ever laser light falls on it. When we are able to listen that, then we decrease the volume till the noise is negligible. Now the next step is to aim the laser to fall on the solar cell. The laser is aimed to it and we can listen some noise in form of pop or click. Now if we move the laser beam over the solar cell from one end to another to it, then we will be able to listen these clicks till the laser falls on the solar panel and disappears when laser is not hitting the solar panel. If this all is happening, then everything is right till now [6]. Now the mic is switched on very watchfully and gradually the volume of mic is adjusted and something is said in the mic. The volume of mic is adjusted so that we can listen our voice coming out of the amplifier or speaker which is in the other corner of the room. If we are not able to listen our voice coming out of the amplifier, then we must check the laser, that the laser is hitting on the solar panel or not. If it is not hitting then we must adjust it to hit the panel, only then we can listen our voice. Now after doing all this adjustment, just increase the volume of amplifier or speaker instead of increasing the volume of mic, to listen your voice across the room. But precautions must be taken during the increase of the volume as if increased then a limit, will damage the laser. Now it is time to do some testing, just break the connection between the laser and the solar panel i.e. to put some obstruction in between, we will notice that the when the obstruction is inserted the amplifier does not produce any sound. Now move this obstruction back and forth or up and down such that connection is made and then broken at regular intervals, we will notice that our voice is chopped by the obstruction as it moves back and forth [6]. The basic principle behind the Laser communication system is Amplitude modulation. The amplitude of the carrier signal is modulated. In simple words, in this case the intensity of the light is varied along the time. Now what happens in transmitter is that when the sound is transferred through mic it travels through transformer which modulates the signal. Then the modulated signal is added and subtracted from the battery power. Then the signal produced goes to the laser and produces a laser beam of the varying intensities i.e. electric signal is converted to the light signal. This varying intensity beam hits the solar panel across the room, whose work is to convert this light signal to the electric signal and which goes to the audio amplifier to produce sound. Now it is interesting that how this speaker produces sound. This is very simple; speaker is just a paper cone which is attached to the coil of wire, which is in magnetic field due to a powerful permanent magnet. Now when electric current flows through the coil, it makes coil an electromagnet which moves away and towards the permanent magnet, which disturbs the air in paper cone, if it is moving away then it will compress the air at back and expand the air at front. These waves produced from compression and expansion is heard by our ears. This is how a Laser communication system is made [6]. On critically evaluating the key paper against the objectives which the author had set, the out come is that he is completely able to satisfy the aim of the project. By doing the procedures told in the project we can transmit signal from one end to another with the help of LASER. This project is cheap and very much informative too. Chapter 3: Evaluation and Outcomes If whole assessment of the data or information present in this research is done, then the conclusion is that researchers finding are justified. As by following the methodology or procedures of the researcher we are successfully transmitting data from one end to another with the help of the Laser by using cheap and simple components. In this experiment we can transmit data in form of voice from one end to another by the use of Laser wirelessly. The conclusions and the predictions made by the researcher are totally justified and also the methods used are completely working. This is an experimental procedure which tells that it is possible to transfer data from one point to another point with the help of the Laser. The outcome of the detailed research is positive. And following are the points which will tell us about the advantages of Laser communication systems [7]. 3.1 Enormous Bandwidths If we have used optical fibers in the system, then the data holding capability of the system is increased at a great rate. As this data holding capacity is directly proportional to the frequency of signal. 3.2 Low transmission loss As the signal is directly transmitted to the other end, and if no obstruction is in between the light, then the transmission loss is very low. 3.3 Invulnerable to noise The laser communication system using optical fibers are immune to noise and cross talks. And the systems which does not use the optical fibers are also immune to noise up to a limit, as there is very less transmission 3.4 High data rate The data rate in the Laser communication system is very high 3.5 Electrical Isolation Laser and optical fibers both are not affected by the electrical shocks. So both of them can operate near high voltage devices 3.6 Small size and weight The size and weight of both Laser and optical fibers is very small. So they are easy to handle. They occupy very less space as compared to the electrical equipments. Due to these rewards it makes it possible to use in aircrafts and satellites more successfully. 3.7 Signal security This point has two different point of views, if in system we are using optical fiber. Then our system is 100 percent secure as optical fibers do not radiate any power. Whereas if we are not using optical fibers then our information is not secured 3.8 Cheap and good availability Since Lasers and optical fibers both are available easily. And they are cheap also, which makes a efficient and cheap communication system. 3.9 Reliability There is less attenuation of the signal, so the integrity of the signal is saved. Therefore it makes the system more reliable. Some more advantages are [8] No difficulty in deployment High Data rate Bit error rate is very low Process can be fully duplex Protocol simplicity Fresnel zone is not important The Laser communication system using optical fiber is more preferred because using this method laser can be traveled to very far distances and also without any losses. The optical fibers can be connected using the connectors and splices. By using these, light can be made to move across the curvature of earth. Eventually we cant move light in circular path or cant be bent along the corners. But with the use of these connectors the light made to move like that without losses [10]. Chapter 4: Personal Recommendation for Further Investigation The recommendations for the further investigation will conclude some challenges faced by the Laser communication systems for the long distance. These challenges must be encountered to have a very good communication system [3, 4]. 4.1 Challenges in laser communication system Some of the major challenges are: Physical barriers This is one of the major challenges faced by Laser communication system. As whenever any obstructions comes in between the laser then the connection is broken immediately and we lose our data. Beam scattering During the long distance communications in Laser communication systems we face a problem called beam dispersion. That means after traveling a long distance the laser beam starts dispersing, which reduces the reliability of the systems. But if we use optical fibers then this dispersion can be ruled out. Fog, Snow, Rain and Smog or Pollution These are some of the elements which reduce the efficiency of the laser communication systems. They do not provide great deal of attenuation to the signal but still it hampers the signal. Circumstantial light and Shadowing The effectiveness of the system is also reduced when there is a background light source to the laser as the light from that source is also received by the receiver which create errors in the signal Atmospheric captivation Some part of the light signal is absorbed by the atmosphere. Due to which the signal is not completely attainted by the receiver. Scintillation All the laser communication systems are affected by the scintillation at the great deal in clear sunny days. But there are also some methods by which it can be controlled like tuned receivers, tuned filters, equally spaced transmitters and all. Pointing stability This is also an important factor in the Laser communication systems. To avoid this we may widen the beam divergence so that receiver still remains in contact. Security Security is the most important challenge to be faced by the Laser communication system. We have got the models for laser communication systems but the information is not secured. It can be theft by anyone easily. That is a different case if we are using optical fibers but in system in which we do not use these fibers are very much in secure and this is an important issue. 4.2 Challenges in optical fibers The optical fibers are very costly. Optical fibers are delicate and can be easily broken. Optical fibers are affected by the chemicals. There opaqueness is also a problem. To operate and work on the optical fiber we need a specialist and skilled person. All of the above points fall in the area of further investigation. Some of them are done and some are still there to be investigated. These areas are very important and we need to investigate in these areas because today the communication industry is a backbone of every industry without communication industry no industry can survive. 4.3 Business benefits On taking the business perspective of the improvements in these area will lead to the better communications at low cost, low loss of the signals, better performance, negligible time delay, better security, less complex systems, will increase the reliability of the communications, more and more application areas (such as medical, lighting and many more) Chapter 5: Personal Development Plan 5.1 Personal Description I am Gibbran Jamil. Currently I am pursuing my Masters of Science (MSc.) in Mobile and Satellite Communications from London Metropolitan University, London. I have done my Bachelors of Science in Computer Enigineering in Pakistan. From starting of my technical career I had a great interest in all this communication systems. I always was curious to know about communication systems, how they work, how they are made, how they transfer data, how link is made, how can two persons talk or share stuff on wires or how we can talk to each other without having any physical connection and all that. So I decided to go for my MSc. in Mobile and Satellite communications. I am doing this MSc. course because at present I am not that good in the technical stuff, so I want to improve my knowledge and grow technically and personally in this field. I want to work in the area, where I can improve the efficiency of the communication system. I either can work for a company or can work alone, but the basic idea is to reduce all the limitations in the communication system. There are many things in any communication system to be improved; like noise can be further reduced, received power from satellite can be increased, accuracy of the data can be increased, security of communication system can be increased, cost can be more reduced and many more things like that. Definitely first, I will go for one particular task and then move forward. I hope I am on the right path and I also hope after completing my Masters I will be having good technical and practical knowledge because right now I am concentrating on my all the modules and trying to grasp as many things as possible and my tutors are helping at a great deal in that. Still there is never an end for learning, i

Comparing Shakespeares Play, Hamlet and Miltons Play, Samson Agoniste

Comparing Shakespeare's Play, Hamlet and Milton's Play, Samson Agonistes: The Mental Awakenings of Hamlet and Samson In William Shakespeare's play Hamlet and in John Milton's play Samson Agonistes, both title characters undergo an intellectual metamorphosis, each becoming more and more aware of the power of his mind as he learns to master it. Despite a difference of almost 50 years between the writing of each of these plays, Hamelet being composed in 1601 and Samson Agonistes not being completed until circa 1646-1648, both reflect a preoccupation of the 17th century shared by both authors, the emergence of the mind and the human reason. Hamlet, while already a scholar and a philosopher, must, in the course of his plot to revenge the death of his father, constantly reassure himself that his mind has not erred. He must verify that the apparition of his father's ghost was a "spirit of health" and not a "goblin damned" designed to lead him to an inopportune demise. He must be certain that the revenge that he exacts on his father-in-law will suit his crime and not "this same villain send / To heaven". Samson, on the other hand, must also awaken his mind, but in his case his mind has been dormant all his life and this thus presents him with a more diffficult task than that of Hamlet. Samson had always relied on his brute physical strength to rescue him from dangerous situations whereas Hamlet had the more well-rounded formation of a Renaissance man. Oddly enough, it is Samson who seems to have been more successful at the end of the tragedy in that he does not unwittingly take his mother nor his friend with him to his grave. The first instance in which Hamlet demonstrates an awakening of his mind is in Scene 1 when he must... ...t both must learn to develop and to trust their mind rather than rely on a supernatural power to guide them. In Hamlet's case, this supernatural being is the ghost of his father which comes to give him the noble cause of revenging his foul death. For Samson, the cause is for the honour of his god which must be proven to be stronger and more right than the Philistine god Dagon. In the end, both succeed in awakening their minds, and while their deaths may be considered tragic, from a 17th century point of view, and even from today's perspcetive, they are heros because they learned to put their trust in themselves as rational human beings. Works Cited Milton, John. Samson Agonistes. In John Milton: Complete Poems and Major Prose. Ed. Merritt Y. Hughes. New York: Macmillan, 1957. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Sylvan Barnet. New York: Signet Classic, 1998.

Computer Architecture :: Essays Papers

Computer Architecture 1. There have been a lot of developments in microprocessors since the 286 chip. The 286 CPU are no longer sold and are very rarely found in commercial use today because of its running speed, which is between 10MHz to 20MHz. This processor has a 24-bit address bus, and is able to address up to 16 million different address locations. It also has two operating modes, which are real mode and protected mode. The real mode is basically for normal DOS operations and it uses only 8086 code (8086 was the previous CPU). When it was in protected mode the CPU is able to access beyond the 1mb address limit and employed its added features, which were intended for multi-tasking operations such as Windows, but this CPU is not powerful enough to carry out these multi-tasking operations. The 286 came with a bus width of 16-bit internal, 24-bit address, and 16-bit external, with an external speed of between 6MHz – 25MHz, and an internal speed of between 6MHz – 25MHz. The next CPU was the 386, this is also no longer produced it had a slightly faster running speeds which are between 16MHz to 40MHz. This CPU could carry out effective multi tasking operations. It also had a substantial improvement in both memory management and it had an enlarged instruction set. It is also the minimum CPU for running windows. It came in two types the 386 SX and the 386 DX. The SX had a 32-bit internal data path but it only had a 16-bit path between the CPU and the computer memory. The DX on the other hand had a 32-bit data bus between the CPU and the memory chips allowing larger data transfers so it had faster through put. It also was able to use external cache memory, usually about 64k, which also improved performance. The 386 came in two different types they both had a internal bus width of 32 bit, the SX had a address bus width of 24 bit, and a external bus width of 16 bit, its internal and external speed was between 16MHz – 33MHz. The DX however had an add ress and external bus width of 32 bit, its internal and external speed was between 33MHz–40MHz. The 486 were the next CPU, this is still produced, there was little change to the 386 instruction set, but the 486 ran at speeds between 20MHz to 100MHz.

Bud Shaw’s Back Yard Burgers: A Company Analysis

Bud Shaw is the current Vice President for Administration and Support Services in Back Yard Burgers, Inc. However, until 2007, he held the position as Vice President of Corporate Operations Services. (â€Å"People Search Results,† 2008) Shaw has been successful in the business due to his determination and perseverance to perfect his craft. His excellence may be attributed to his flexibility in terms of carrying out and accomplishing roles and responsibilities that are granted to him as one of the highly-revered leaders of Back Yard Burgers.For instance, his capabilities to shift from operations to administration reveal his litheness as one of the people in charge over the business organization. Perhaps, the aforementioned trait, coupled with good education, steadfastness, thirst for more knowledge and opportunities for enhancing skills, rationality and open-mindedness, and the ability to take on various roles and responsibilities, contributed to his success as part of Back Yar d Burgers Inc. The most important thing, however, is his dedication to carry out his job excellently, if not perfectly.His ingenue as once a leader in the operations service has catapulted Back Yard Burgers Inc. to success as he was able to lead operating services which directs majority of the functions and operations of the organization. At present, his undertakings cover a more extensive scope as he is second in command in the area of administration and support for Back Yard Burgers Inc. Shifting to the dimensions of Back Yard Burgers Inc. , the organization over the years has proven to be successful in its field, which is under the leisure industry operating under the context of restaurants & cafes.Back Yard Burgers Inc. specifically operates as one of the leading fast-food and quick-service restaurants in the United States. The organization was established in 1987 Lattimore Michael with the assistance of investors. The success of Back Yard Burgers Inc. has launched it to obtain a position as one of the top fast-food and quick service restaurants. In fact, its top competitors are highly established food service organizations, such as Burger Kind, McDonald’s, and Wendy’s. (â€Å"Back Yard Burger’s Inc. ,† 2008) Back Yard Burgers Inc.operates fast-food restaurants built in several states in the country, and it is also an active franchiser of the brand. Majority of Back Yard Burgers restaurants are concentrated in the south and the Midwest. It has over 170 fast food restaurants built in numerous states in the nation, including Tennessee, Mississippi, Illinois, Texas, Arkansas, Vancouver, Kentucky, North Carolina, Nebraska, Missouri, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and Connecticut, to name a few. Franchising is at the heart of the success of the company as it sets the backdrop of growth for Back Yard Burgers Inc.(â€Å"Company Search Results,† 2008) Therefore, to obtain more profit, the organization is looking into expanding more t hrough strengthening the area of franchising and providing quality services for its costumers by improving Back Yard Burger’s menu. As of the moment, the organization has launched new product offerings – the Mushroom Swiss, which is a gourmet burger (made from Black Angus Beef, sauteed mushrooms, Swiss cheese, lettuce, and tomato), and the Chicken Sandwich available in new traditional or Chipotle (made from chicken tenderloins, Chipotle pepper sauce, lettuce, and tomato). (â€Å"New Products,† 2008)Costumers will be expecting other additions to Back Yard Burger’s menu, with inventive food recipes that will capture their taste. As for individuals who are interested to franchise the Back Yard Burger line, the organization is opening its doors for them as a means to augment return of investment and added income. Geographically speaking, Back Yard Burger’s has no determined plans to expand into specific areas or states. The organization does, however, allow interested parties to franchise Back Yard Burgers to fill up a request form where they can state on which area they are planning to establish the planned franchise.(â€Å"Franchising,† 2008) Back Yard Burger’s will be looking into the matter in order to determine the feasibility of establishing a franchise in stated areas. Currently, the organization is operating in twenty states – Tennessee obtaining the most establishments with thirty nine stores of Back Yard Burgers to date. The success of Back Yard Burgers Inc. as a fast-food and quick-service restaurant is mainly attributed to the attractiveness of the industry under which it operates. Food is basic commodity, an item that never goes off the consumer’s list of necessities.Organizations that establish themselves through food servicing will never fail to attract consumers, as long as it positions itself in the corporate arena as one of the best. Moreover, our modern society has adapted to changes brought about by technology fostering the need for fast servicing of consumers. This kind of modern life fits well with the concept of fast-food and quick-service restaurants as they are able to grow with the demands of modernity. On the other hand, the unattractiveness of the fast-food and quick-service as an industry sets the potential risks and threats to any organization operating under this field.This is attributed to competition and diverse consumer population. It will be difficult to maneuver an organization which operates under an industry with loads of competition, and established organizations at that. There are so many fast-food chains and quick-service restaurants that are highly popular, such as McDonald’s, which plays down an organization’s competitive advantage. Another unattractive feature is the nature of the consumer population. A diverse consumer population necessitates the innovativeness of organizations to present a menu that is new, but at the sa me time appealing to them.It is a great challenge which requires much time and effort. However, with the company culture of Back Yard Burgers Inc. , it is perceived that it will be able to weather all these challenges. The organization does not only focus on profit, but is also sensitive about the need to satisfy its consumers and society as well through corporate social responsibility. Moreover, the organization is working hard to accomplish its mission by nurturing the development of its employees – the human capital – who are expected to carry out the goals and objectives of Back Yard Burgers Inc.through excellence and quality service. (â€Å"Mission,† 2008) References â€Å"Back Yard Burgers, Inc. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Hoover’s Inc. Website: http://premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/profile. xhtml? ID=ffffchrskrxrsfhjfh â€Å"Company Search Results. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Hoover’s Inc. Webs ite: http://premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/search/simple/company/index. xhtml? query_string=Backyard+Burgers&which=company&page=1&search_x=43&search_y=3 â€Å"Franchising. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Back Yard Burgers.Website: http://www. backyardburgers. com/www/41_37_0. cfm â€Å"Mission. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Back Yard Burgers Inc. Website: http://www. backyardburgers. com/site/mission. cfm â€Å"New Products. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Back Yard Burgers. Website: http://www. backyardburgers. com/www/38_29_0. cfm â€Å"People Search Results. † (2008). Retrieved October 29, 2008, from Hoover’s Inc. Website: http://premium. hoovers. com/subscribe/co/people/bio. xhtml? ID=chrskrxrsfhjfh&OID=1958540